German playwright. Born as the eldest son of a poor plasterer in Dithmarschen, northern Germany, after graduating from elementary school, he worked as a servant and clerk in the local parish office while self-educating himself in literature. At the age of 23, he became acquainted with philanthropists in Hamburg. After studying in Hamburg for a year, he tried to travel to Heidelberg and Munich, but he was drawn to poetry and finally gave up his studies and started writing plays, which was the quickest way to earn money at the time. Thus he completed his first work, Judith (1840). It was performed in the same year and was praised by some, but he did not gain enough fame to make a living as a playwright. The following year, he completed Genoveva, a tragedy based on the legend of a medieval saint. Two years later, he was given a travel allowance by the King of Denmark and visited Paris, Rome, and Naples, and finally settled in Vienna in 1845, where he devoted himself to writing. Around this time, his luck began to turn around, and his civil tragedy Maria Magdalene (1844), which had already been completed two years earlier, premiered in Königsberg, and his works began to be performed in various places. It was three years later, at the Burgtheater, that the conservative Vienna theaters first opened their doors to him. Since then, as one of Vienna's leading playwrights, he produced a succession of notable works, including the tragedies Herodes and Mariamne (premiered in 1849), Agnes Bernauer (1852), Gyges and His Ring (1856), and the historical drama The Nibelungenlied (premiered in 1861). In the history of German theater, he is considered a bridge between the classical and modern periods, but his dramatic characters, driven by intense passion and pure ideals, are more modern theater itself than a forerunner of modern theater. His diary, which vividly describes his turbulent life, is a literary masterpiece comparable to those of the Goncourt brothers and Amiel. [Shigeru Taniguchi] "Hebbel's Short Stories, translated by Jiro Saneyoshi (Iwanami Bunko)" [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの劇作家。北ドイツのディトマルシェンの貧しい左官の長男として生まれ、小学校卒業後、土地の教区管理所で従僕兼書記として働きながら、独学で文学的教養を培った。23歳のとき、ハンブルクの篤志家たちの知遇を得る。ハンブルクで1年勉強したあと、ハイデルベルク、ミュンヘンと遊学を試みたが、詩作にひかれる彼はついに学業を断念し、当時もっともてっとり早く金を稼ぐ手段であった劇作にとりかかる。こうして処女作『ユーディット』(1840)を完成する。これは同年上演され、一部の人々から賞賛されたが、劇作家として生活していけるだけの名声は得られなかった。翌年、中世の聖女伝説に基づく悲劇『ゲノフェーファ』を完成。2年後、デンマーク王から旅行扶助金を給与され、パリ、ローマ、ナポリを歴訪し、1845年ウィーンに落ち着き、ようやく執筆に専念する。 このころから運が向いてきて、すでに2年前完成していた市民悲劇『マリア・マグダレーネ』(1844)がケーニヒスベルクで初演されたのをきっかけに、各地で彼の作品が上演されるようになった。保守的なウィーンの劇場が彼に門戸を開いたのは、3年後のブルク劇場での『マリア・マグダレーネ』が最初であった。これ以後彼は、ウィーンを代表する劇作家の1人として、次々に悲劇『ヘローデスとマリアムネ』(1849初演)、悲劇『アグネス・ベルナウアー』(1852)、悲劇『ギューゲスとその指輪』(1856)、史劇『ニーベルンゲンの歌』(1861初演)などの話題作を発表した。ドイツ演劇史上、彼は古典派と近代派との橋渡し役として位置づけられているが、激しい情熱と純粋な理念とに衝(つ)き動かされる劇的人間の造型は、近代演劇の先駆というよりは近代演劇そのものである。彼の激動の生涯を克明に記述した日記は、ゴンクール兄弟、アミエルのそれに匹敵する優れた文学作品である。 [谷口 茂] 『実吉捷郎訳『ヘッベル短編集』(岩波文庫)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Belli, Giuseppe Gioacchino
... Motets in the Baroque period continued the ch...
〘Noun〙① A Chinese official title. The three people...
Surface forces are forces that act on the surface ...
...Below are some of the main calendars used in v...
[1] The earth will continue to exist without chang...
(1) A ballroom and entertainment theater on Place ...
A powerful samurai family in Hizen and Chikugo dur...
…A rather large perennial grass of the grass fami...
...an ethnic group living in the area of West A...
…Linguistics is a science that deals with languag...
Among natural numbers, it refers to numbers that ...
...There are various pieces with different titles...
An evergreen tall tree of the family Polytrichum ...
〘Noun〙 (Named after the place where Izukura, a mer...
… [Ken Ogata]. . … *Some of the terminology that ...