Endometritis - Endometritis

Japanese: 子宮内膜炎 - しきゅうないまくえん(英語表記)Endometritis
Endometritis - Endometritis

What is the disease?

Endometritis is an inflammation of the lining of the uterus.

What is the cause?

It is caused by inflammation due to bacterial infection. The majority of infections are caused by ascending infection, but in rare cases, lymphatic, hematogenous, and descending (from the abdominal cavity through the fallopian tubes) infections are also seen (Figure 5).

Those that cause descending infection tuberculosis ( Results ) Most of the cases are sexually transmitted, and spread from tuberculosis of the fallopian tubes to the endometrium. The causative bacteria are Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus ( Contact us ) , Staphylococcus aureus, Gonorrhea ( Rinkin ) , Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacteroides, and Peptococcus.

In women who menstruate regularly, the functional layer of the endometrium is periodically shed, so even if bacteria invade, they may be expelled during menstruation (Figure 6). Exfoliation ( Breakthrough ) Since there is no endothelial cell, it is thought that ascending infection is likely to occur. Endometrial biopsy ( Respiratory medicine experience ) , Hysterosalpingography ( Emergency medical equipment ) Bacteria can also enter the uterus during intrauterine procedures such as tubal cannulation.

How symptoms manifest

Symptoms include lower abdominal discomfort, lower abdominal pain, and slight fever. Purulent vaginal discharge ( Lifestyle ) In some cases, irregular bleeding may occur. Systemic symptoms are not seen in most cases.

Testing and diagnosis

Pelvic examination reveals tenderness in the uterus. If the inflammation extends to the adnexa and pelvis, tenderness in the adnexal region and Douglas rectum may develop. Fossa ( mosquito ) The peritoneal cavity (the space between the uterus and the rectum) may also be tender. Cultures of secretions from the uterus can be done to identify the causative organism.

Endometritis can be classified as acute or chronic. Acute endometritis occurs when the functional layer of the endometrium is infected and the functional layer is damaged during menstruation. Peeling ( Peeling ) This will help expel bacteria and may result in natural recovery (Figure 6).

Chronic endometritis occurs when the infection spreads to the basal layer of the endometrium, and the infection becomes chronic because the basal layer is not shed during menstruation. Bacteria remaining in the basal layer reinfect the regenerating functional layer, and the course becomes chronic.

In tuberculous endometritis and senile endometritis, the condition progresses chronically. Cervical canal ( Event ) of constriction ( Kyosaku ) or closure of the uterus Abdominal abscess ( Dragon's Master ) It may also form.

Treatment methods

If the causative bacteria has been identified, antibiotics that are sensitive to that bacteria are used. Until the causative bacteria is identified, broad-spectrum antibiotics (those with a wide range of effects) are usually used. Anti-inflammatory drugs may also be used in combination. After a miscarriage or childbirth, uterotonic drugs may also be used in combination to encourage the expulsion of tissue remaining in the uterine cavity. If a uterine pyometra has formed, the cervix must be dilated and the pus must be expelled.

What to do if you notice an illness

Lower abdominal pain or abnormal Leucorrhea ( Taige ) If you have any, please visit an obstetrician-gynecologist.

Related Topics

Myometrial (parenchymal) inflammation

Toru Takeuchi

Figure 5. Infection route of endometritis
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Figure 5. Infection route of endometritis

Figure 6 Endometrium and myometrium
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Figure 6 Endometrium and myometrium


Source: Houken “Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia” Information about the Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia

Japanese:

どんな病気か

 子宮内膜炎とは、子宮内腔をおおっている子宮内膜の炎症のことです。

原因は何か

 細菌感染による炎症が原因になります。感染経路は、上行性感染によるものが大部分ですが、まれにリンパ行性、血行性、下行性(腹腔内から卵管を介して)感染も認められます(図5)。

 下行性感染を起こすものでは結核(けっかく)性のものが多く、卵管結核から子宮内膜へ波及します。起炎菌としては、大腸菌、腸球菌、連鎖球菌(れんさきゅうきん)、ブドウ球菌、淋菌(りんきん)、結核菌、バクテロイデス、ペプトコッカスなどがあります。

 月経が定期的にある女性では、子宮内膜の機能層は周期的にはがれ落ちるので、細菌が侵入してきても月経時に排出されてしまうこともあります(図6)。閉経後や分娩後、流産後の女性では周期的な子宮内膜の剥脱(はくだつ)がないので、上行性感染を起こしやすいと考えられます。また、子宮内膜生検(しきゅうないまくせいけん)子宮卵管造影(しきゅうらんかんぞうえい)、卵管通水術などの子宮内操作時に細菌が侵入することもあります。

症状の現れ方

 下腹部の不快感、下腹部痛、微熱などの症状が多いのですが、膿性帯下(のうせいたいげ)、不正出血などもみられることがあります。全身的な症状はあまりみられないことが多いようです。

検査と診断

 内診により、子宮に圧痛が認められます。炎症がさらに付属器や骨盤内にまで拡大すると付属器領域やダグラス()(子宮と直腸の間の腹膜腔)にも圧痛が認められます。子宮からの分泌物の培養検査により、起炎菌を特定します。

 子宮内膜炎は、急性と慢性とに分類できます。急性子宮内膜炎は、子宮内膜の機能層に感染が起こっているもので、月経時に機能層が剥離(はくり)することにより細菌も排出されて、自然に治ることもあります(図6)。

 慢性子宮内膜炎は、感染が子宮内膜の基底層まで波及する場合で、月経時に基底層が排出されないため感染は慢性化します。基底層に残る細菌は、再生されてくる機能層で再度感染するため、経過は慢性化します。

 結核性子宮内膜炎や老人性子宮内膜炎では慢性に経過します。老人性子宮内膜炎では、子宮頸管(けいかん)狭窄(きょうさく)や閉鎖を伴うと子宮瘤膿腫(りゅうのうしゅ)を形成することもあります。

治療の方法

 起炎菌が特定されている場合には、その菌に感受性のある抗生剤を使用します。起炎菌が特定されるまでの間は、通常、広域スペクトル(効果の範囲が広い)の抗生剤を使用します。また、消炎薬を併用することもあります。流産後や分娩後では子宮収縮薬を併用することで子宮内腔に残った組織の排出を促すこともあります。子宮瘤膿腫を形成している場合には、頸管を開大し、うみを排出する必要があります。

病気に気づいたらどうする

 下腹部痛や異常な帯下(たいげ)があれば、産婦人科を受診してください。

関連項目

 子宮筋層(実質)炎

竹内 亨

図5 子宮内膜炎の感染経路
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図5 子宮内膜炎の感染経路

図6 子宮内膜と子宮筋層
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図6 子宮内膜と子宮筋層


出典 法研「六訂版 家庭医学大全科」六訂版 家庭医学大全科について 情報

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