Animation (English)

Japanese: アニメーション(英語表記)animation
Animation (English)
A technique for giving lifelike movement to inanimate objects or pictures. Or the images obtained by this technique. This technique was perfected to some extent by the Teatro Optique, a device developed by Emile Reynaud in 1888, but it was Stewart Blackton, who released Amusing Faces in 1906, and Emile Cohl, who released Phantasmagorie in 1908, who realized this technique using mechanical film equipment instead of this unique device, and therefore they are considered to be the founders of today's general animation film. Animation films are made by frame-by-frame shooting, and the materials often used are pictures, paper cuttings, shadow puppets, and dolls, but any object can be used, and it can also be drawn directly on the film surface. Walt Disney made a great contribution to the development of theatrical cartoon films by successfully producing full-scale talkies, color films, and feature-length films, but animation films are used in a variety of fields other than entertainment, such as advertising, education, and art.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
生命のない物体や絵に,あたかも生命が宿っているかのような動きを与える技法。またはその技法で得られた映像。この技法は,エミール・レイノーが 1888年に開発した装置,テアトロ・オプティークによってある程度完成されていたが,この独特な装置によらず,映画の機械装置でそれを実現したのは,1906年に『愉快な百面相』を発表したスチュワート・ブラックトンや,08年『ファンタスマゴリー』を発表したエミール・コールであり,したがって彼らが,今日の一般的なアニメーション映画の創始者とされている。アニメーション映画はコマ撮りの方法によっており,その素材には絵や切り紙,影絵,人形などがよく用いられるが,あらゆる物体が利用可能で,またフィルム面に直接描き込む方法もある。ウォルト・ディズニーは,本格的なトーキー化と色彩化,長編化の成功で,劇場用漫画映画の分野の発展に大きな貢献をしたが,アニメーション映画の利用範囲としては,娯楽のほかに,広告,教育,芸術などの分野がある。

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