apothecary

Japanese: apothecary
apothecary

…However, in some cases, such as Paris, a professional group of specialist surgeons was formed above the guild of barber surgeons. Also, guilds of merchants formed in each city were responsible for pharmaceuticals and dispensing, but at the same time, they were subordinate groups to physicians and played the role of apothecaries. The final collapse of this status-based division of labor, although the speed of its collapse varied from country to country, generally occurred after the French Revolution, when guilds were suppressed by law, and it was not until the 19th century that surgery and pharmacy were absorbed into university education alongside internal medicine. …

From [Pharmacy]

… Pharmaceuticals [Takashi Tatsuno]
[Western]
Already in the Greek and Roman era, the Latin terms apotheca and medicamentarius were used to mean a warehouse or store that handled medicines. Apotheca comes from the Greek apotheke (meaning "to keep in reserve"), and later came to refer to drug stores and pharmacies, such as the German apotheke, the French apothicaire, and the English apothecary. In medieval Europe, medical treatment was carried out in monasteries, which always had an attached herb garden and a dispensing room, and the dispensing monks often also served as physicians.

*Some terminology explanations that mention "apothecary" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…もっともパリにおけるように,理髪外科医のギルドの上に専門外科医のプロフェッション集団が形成される場合もあった。また製薬と調剤にも各都市に結成された商人のギルドが当たったが,彼らは同時に内科医の従属集団となり,薬剤師apothecaryの役割を演じた。こうしてでき上がった身分制的分業体制が最終的に崩壊するのは,国によって遅速はあるが,一般的には,ギルドが法律によって禁圧されるフランス革命以降のことに属し,外科学と薬学が内科学と並んで大学教育の中に吸収されるようになるのは,やっと19世紀になってからであった。…

【薬屋】より

…医薬品【辰野 高司】
[西洋]
 ギリシア・ローマ時代にすでに薬物を扱う倉庫あるいは商店を意味する言葉としてアポテカapotheca,メディカメンタリウスmedicamentariusというラテン語の用語があった。アポテカはギリシア語のアポテケapothēkē(〈予備に取っておくこと〉の意)に由来し,ドイツ語のアポテケApotheke,フランス語のアポティケールapothicaire,英語のアポセカリーapothecaryといった後世の薬店,薬局を指す言葉となった。 中世ヨーロッパでは施療は僧院(修道院)の中で行われ,僧院には必ず付属の薬草園と調剤室があり,調剤僧が医師を兼ねることが多かった。…

※「apothecary」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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