These drugs are used to prevent uterine atonic bleeding after delivery and to stimulate labor pains before delivery. They include ergot preparations, oxytocin preparations (a hormone of the posterior pituitary gland), sparteine preparations, and prostaglandin preparations. Labor is divided into three stages. The first stage is the opening stage, in which the uterus begins to contract rhythmically and the cervix expands. During this stage, oral administration of quinine or injection of oxytocin is effective, and sustained contraction drugs such as ergot preparations and sparteine are not used. The second stage is the expulsion stage, in which the fetus passes through the cervix, uterine contractions become stronger, and the abdominal muscles contract involuntarily, increasing abdominal pressure, and the fetus is completely expelled. Oxytocin is still used during this stage if labor pains are weak. The third stage is the afterbirth stage, in which the placenta is expelled. In this case, bleeding will occur if uterine contractions are not complete. Ergot preparations are used at this stage. Ergot preparations include ergometrine maleate and methylergometrine maleate, which are administered orally or by injection, and sparteine sulfate, which is also administered by injection, and is often used in combination. [Fumiji Koho] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
分娩(ぶんべん)後の子宮の弛緩(しかん)性出血を防止したり、分娩前の陣痛を亢進(こうしん)させるために使用される薬。麦角(ばっかく)製剤、脳下垂体後葉ホルモンであるオキシトシン製剤、スパルテイン製剤、プロスタグランジン製剤などがある。分娩は3期に分けられる。第1期は開口期で、子宮が律動的に収縮し始め頸管(けいかん)が拡大する。この時期にはキニーネの内服、オキシトシンの注射が有効で、麦角製剤やスパルテインのような持続的な収縮薬は使用しない。第2期は娩出期で、胎児は子宮頸管を通過し、子宮収縮が強くなり、さらに不随意的に腹筋を収縮し、腹圧が高まり、胎児は完全に娩出される。この時期でも陣痛微弱にはオキシトシンが用いられる。第3期は後産期で、胎盤が娩出される。この場合、子宮収縮が完全でないと出血をおこす。このときに麦角製剤が使用される。麦角製剤にはマレイン酸エルゴメトリンとマレイン酸メチルエルゴメトリンの2種があり、内服、注射で投与される。硫酸スパルテインは注射で使用され、また配合剤もよく用いられる。 [幸保文治] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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