Around 1955, the oral approach (also called the Fries' method or structural approach) advocated by Charles Carpeter Fries (1887-1969) of the United States was introduced with the aim of rebuilding postwar English education. This educational method is based on the theory of American structural linguistics, which became popular in the 1940s, and is characterized by pattern practice to familiarize students with certain patterns such as phonology, word structure, and sentence structure that language structures, minimal pairs (contrasts between two linguistic forms that differ in one respect), and oral presentations. It is said to differ from the oral method in that it does not place strict restrictions on the use of the native language or on translation, but it has many similarities with the oral method, such as providing as many opportunities as possible to use the target language, emphasizing pronunciation, and practicing the repetition of basic sentence structures and the replacement of words in sentences. While the oral method incorporates context and circumstances, the oral approach is more systematized, but it has also been criticized for being too mechanical. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "pattern practice" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 55年ころ,戦後の英語教育の再建を目ざしてアメリカのフリーズCharles Carpeter Fries(1887‐1969)の唱えるオーラル・アプローチoral approach(フリーズ・メソッドFries’ methodとか構造的アプローチstructural approachともよばれる)が紹介された。1940年代に盛んになったアメリカ構造言語学の理論を踏まえた教育法で,言語が構造として備えている音韻,語構成,文構成などの一定の型(パターン)に慣れるための文型練習(パターン・プラクティスpattern practice),ミニマル・ペアminimal pair(1点において異なる二つの言語形式の対比),および口頭発表を特徴としている。母語の使用や訳読に厳しい制限を設けないという点,オーラル・メソッドと異なるとされるが,目標言語をできるだけ多く用いる機会を設けること,音声の重視,基礎構文の反覆や文中の語句の入れ換え練習など,むしろ共通点が多く,オーラル・メソッドが文脈や状況を取り込んでいるのに対し,オーラル・アプローチはいっそう体系化されているものの,機械的に過ぎるという批判も出ている。… ※「pattern practice」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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