San-fan wu-fan yun-dong (Three Antis and Five Antis Movement)

Japanese: 三反五反運動 - さんはんごはんうんどう（英語表記）San-fan wu-fan yun-dong

The first large-scale Rectification Movement in China after the founding of the People's Republic of China (1949). The Three Antis Movement was a national movement against the three poisons of bureaucracy, corruption, and waste among some employees, workers, and party members in the Chinese Communist Party, government agencies, schools, the military, and public enterprises. It was launched nationwide in December 1951 (implemented in Northeast China in September) after Mao Zedong's call at the 3rd Session of the 1st National Committee of the People's Political Consultative Conference in October 1951. After the Three Antis Movement report conference in January 1952, it developed into the Five Antis Movement. The Five Antis Movement was a movement against the five poisons of bribery, tax evasion, embezzlement of state materials, cutting corners and cheating with materials, and leaking state economic information by capitalists connected to party members and government officials, and continued until around June of the same year. The purpose of this series of movements was to conclude political and economic construction during the period of national economic recovery, to further strengthen the leadership of the working class under the people's democratic government in preparation for the launch of large-scale socialist construction consisting of three five-year plans beginning in 1953, and to deal a blow to some of the capitalists who were obstructing the progress of construction.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中華人民共和国成立 (1949) 後の中国で行われた，最初の大規模な整風運動。三反運動とは中国共産党，政府機関，学校，軍隊，公営企業などにおける職員，労働者，党員の一部に存在する官僚主義，汚職，浪費の3つの害毒 (三害) に反対する国民運動で，1951年 10月の人民政治協商会議第1回全国委員会第3次会議における毛沢東の呼びかけを契機に，同年 12月から全国的に展開された (東北では9月から実施) 。 52年1月の三反運動報告大会以後，五反運動に発展。五反運動とは，党員，政府職員と結びついた資本家による贈賄，脱税，国家資材の横領，手抜きと材料のごまかし，国家の経済情報の漏洩の5つの害毒 (五毒) に反対する運動で，同年6月頃まで続いた。これら一連の運動は，国民経済復興期の政治，経済建設を締めくくって，53年から始る3つの5ヵ年計画から成る大規模な社会主義建設の展開にそなえて，人民民主政権における労働者階級の指導をさらに強化して，建設の進展を妨げる一部の資本家に打撃を加えることを目的としたものであった。

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