Sandawara - Sandawara

Japanese: 桟俵 - さんだわら
Sandawara - Sandawara

A straw lid is a round lid about 30cm in diameter that is placed over the openings of both ends of a rice bale. It prevents the bale from warping and water from leaking out. It is made on a stone mill or similar to keep the size uniform and round. Currently, the standard name is "santawara", but this name was originally a dialect of the Kinki and Chugoku regions, and there are various other names in different regions. These include tawara baishi (Iwate Prefecture), sadara (Akita Prefecture), sanbaishi/sambasu (Niigata Prefecture), bayashi (Saitama Prefecture), tawara base/base/sambaate (Nagano Prefecture), tawara bashi (Aichi Prefecture), and sadoura (Kagawa Prefecture). From these names, we can see that the original word for santawara was base or hayashi, to which "sa" or "tawara" was added to create the name. "Sa" is a word associated with the belief in rice cultivation, such as Satsuki, Saori, and Sanobori, and adding this character to the name specifies that it is a straw cover for rice bales. The sash bales are depicted in the Kokawadera Engi Emaki (early Kamakura period), and are an ancient invention, with various ways of weaving them and attaching them to bales. Straw seats of the same shape as the sash bales are used in various regions to send off those who have suffered from smallpox or to send off the gods, and in some regions they are also used in the New Year's Toshigami festival.

[Naoyuki Ogawa]

[Reference] | Bale
The rice bale seen in the Kokawa-dera Engi
The painting depicts a straw bale with circular straw lids on both ends.

The rice bale seen in the Kokawa-dera Engi


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

俵の両端の口に当てる直径30センチメートルくらいの円形の藁蓋(わらぶた)。これによって、俵のゆがみや口からの漏れを防ぐ。大きさをそろえたり、円形を保つために石臼(いしうす)などを台にしてつくる。現在では桟俵が標準名となっているが、この名はもともと近畿・中国地方の方言で、このほかに各地でさまざまな呼び名がある。俵バイシ(岩手県)、サダラ(秋田県)、サンバイシ・サンバス(新潟県)、バヤシ(埼玉県)、俵バセ・バセ・サンバアテ(長野県)、俵バシ(愛知県)、サドウラ(香川県)などである。これらの呼称から桟俵は、バセ、ハヤシというのが原語で、それに「サ」「俵」などをつけて呼び名にしたことがわかる。「サ」はサツキ、サオリ、サノボリなど稲作の信仰にちなむ語であり、これをつけることによって米俵の藁蓋という限定をしたのである。桟俵は『粉河寺(こかわでら)縁起絵巻』(鎌倉時代初期)に描かれており、創案は古く、その編み方や俵への当て方にはいろいろある。桟俵と同形の藁座は疱瘡(ほうそう)送りや神送りに各地で使われ、一部の地方には正月の年神(としがみ)祭りにもこれを使う所がある。

[小川直之]

[参照項目] |
『粉河寺縁起』にみる俵
両端の口に円形の藁蓋をつけた桟俵が描かれている。『粉河寺縁起』(部分) 写国立国会図書館所蔵">

『粉河寺縁起』にみる俵


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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