Joint Jury System - Sanshinsei

Japanese: 参審制 - さんしんせい
Joint Jury System - Sanshinsei

A form of public participation in the judiciary. Unlike the jury system, in which amateurs make decisions independently of professional judges, lay judges form a panel with professional judges and are fully involved in the trial. It developed mainly in Germany as a supplement or substitute for the jury system in criminal cases. Currently in Germany, there are two types of lay courts for criminal cases: Schöffengericht (associate courts) and Schwurgericht (jury courts). Although the form of public participation has been maintained, there is criticism that the lay courts now simply follow the opinions of professional judges. There are also examples of courts that handle special cases where private experts have been added to the ranks of judges and have proven effective. The lay courts at Japan's Marine Accident Tribunal are based on a similar concept.

[Oide Yoshitomo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

司法への民衆参加の一形態。素人(しろうと)が職業裁判官とは独立に判断を下す陪審制と異なり、素人である参審員が、職業裁判官と合議体を構成し、全面的に審判に関与する。主としてドイツで刑事事件について陪審制の補充ないし代用として発達した。現在ドイツには、刑事について参審裁判所Schöffengerichtと陪審裁判所Schwurgerichtという名称の参審制の裁判所がある。民衆参加という形式は維持しているが、参審員が職業裁判官の意見に従うだけになっているとの批判もある。ほかには、特殊な事件を扱う裁判所で、民間の専門家を裁判官に加え有効性を発揮している例もある。わが国の海難審判所の参審員は同様の発想によっている。

[大出良知]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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