Phenolphthalein - Phenolphthalein

Japanese: フェノールフタレイン - ふぇのーるふたれいん(英語表記)phenolphthalein
Phenolphthalein - Phenolphthalein

It is a triphenylmethyl dye, a type of compound called phthalein dye. It is known as an indicator to distinguish between acid and alkali, and was first synthesized in 1871 by A. Bayer in Germany. It is obtained as a condensation product by mixing and heating phthalic anhydride and phenol. Molecular formula: C20H14O4 . Molecular weight: 318.3 . Melting point: 262-264°C. It is a colorless or slightly yellowish white crystal that sublimates at high temperatures. It dissolves in ethanol ( ethyl alcohol), but is difficult to dissolve in ether or water. It is colorless in acidic and neutral solutions, but turns crimson red when the hydrogen ion concentration index (pH) is 9 or higher. It is said that the crimson color becomes lighter at pH 14 or higher, and turns orange in solutions with a pH of 0 or lower, but this is not a problem since pH indicators are not used under such strongly alkaline or acidic conditions. The reason for the color change is that in alkaline conditions, it becomes an anion, causing a structural change and creating a chromophore within the molecule. It is used as an acid-base indicator and medicine (laxative) ( Figure ).

[Mr. Hirota July 21, 2015]

[Reference item] | Triphenylmethyl | Bayer
Causes of discoloration of phenolphthalein (Diagram)
©Shogakukan ">

Causes of discoloration of phenolphthalein (Diagram)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

トリフェニルメチル系色素の一つで、フタレイン染料とよばれる化合物の一種である。酸とアルカリを区別する指示薬として知られ、1871年にドイツのA・バイヤーによって初めて合成された。無水フタル酸とフェノールを混合して加熱すると縮合生成物として得られる。分子式C20H14O4。分子量318.3。融点262~264℃。無色ないしはわずかに黄色を帯びた白色結晶で、高温で昇華する。エタノール(エチルアルコール)には溶けるが、エーテルや水には溶けにくい。酸性および中性溶液中では無色であるが、水素イオン濃度指数(pH)が9以上になると紅赤色を示す。pH14以上では紅色が薄くなり、pHが0以下の溶液中では橙(だいだい)色になるといわれているが、pH指示薬をこのような強アルカリ性や強酸性の条件下で使うことはないので問題にはならない。変色をおこす理由は、アルカリ性の下では陰イオンになって構造の変化がおこり、分子内に発色団を生ずるからである。酸塩基指示薬や医薬品(緩下剤)として用いられる()。

[廣田 穰 2015年7月21日]

[参照項目] | トリフェニルメチル | バイヤー
フェノールフタレインの変色の原因〔図〕
©Shogakukan">

フェノールフタレインの変色の原因〔図〕


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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