The Thirty Tyrants

Japanese: 三十人僭主 - さんじゅうにんせんしゅ

An oligarchic government was established in Athens from 404 to 403 BC, shortly after the Peloponnesian War. It was so named because of the harsh oppression exercised by the 30 members of this government. In the spring of 404 BC, the defeat in the Peloponnesian War prompted the emergence of oligarchs, who were critical of Athenian politics at the time. They requested the intervention of the Spartan army, and under its pressure, had the assembly elect 30 legislators to reform the constitution. These members, who later came to be called the Thirty Tyrants, were originally meant to serve as a provisional government until a new constitution was established.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

前404年から前403年にかけて，ペロポネソス戦争直後のアテナイに一時樹立された寡頭派政権。30人からなるこの政権の担当者たちが一時期とった過酷な圧政ゆえに，この名がある。前404年春，ペロポネソス戦争の敗北は，当時のアテナイ政界で批判派の立場にあった寡頭主義者たちの登場を促した。彼らはスパルタ軍の介入を要請し，その圧力の下に民会をして国制の変革を図るための30人の立法委員を選出させるが，のちに〈三十人僭主〉と呼ばれたこれらの委員たちは，本来，新たな国制が成立するまで暫定政権としての役割を果たすはずのものであった。

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