The name of an ancient city and its surrounding area in central Palestine. It stretches 64 km from north to south and 56 km from east to west. It borders Galilee in the north and Judea in the south, and is located west of the Jordan, making it a well-defensible location. King Omri of Israel (c. 880 BC) built a new and powerful capital on this hillside, named it Samaria, and moved the capital from Tirza to it. It remained the capital of the country until the fall of the Northern Kingdom (722/1 BC). In the New Testament era, Herod the Great rebuilt Samaria (c. 30 BC), which was given to him by Emperor Augustus, and renamed it Sebastē (Greek translation of Augustus). This name remains today as Sebastē. During the reign of Herod the Great and the 1st century, Sebaste became a center of Hellenistic culture and regained considerable prosperity. Although Jesus had almost no contact with the Samaritans, during the apostolic age, the Greek-speaking apostles went to Samaria to preach, and the foundations of the church were established there through the activities of Philip, Peter, and John (Acts 8:5-17). Later, Sebaste was burned down during a Jewish revolt, but prospered again under the rule of Emperor Severus, and when Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire, a bishopric was established in Sebaste. After 634, it came under Arab control. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
パレスチナの中央にあった古代の都市とその周辺地方の名。南北に 64km,東西 56kmに及ぶ。北部はガリラヤ,南部はユダヤと接しヨルダンの西方に位置しており,防御には適した地形であった。イスラエルの王オムリ (前 880年頃) は,この丘陵地に新しく強大な首都を建設,サマリアと名づけてテルザから遷都し,以後北王国滅亡 (前 722/1) までこの国の首都であった。新約の時代になってヘロデ大王は,皇帝アウグスツスより与えられたサマリアを再建 (前 30頃) ,名をセバステ Sebastē (アウグスツスのギリシア語訳) と改めた。この名は現在のセバスティイェとして残っている。ヘロデ大王の治世から1世紀にかけてセバステは,ヘレニズム風文化の一つの中心となり,かなりの繁栄を回復した。イエスはサマリア人とはほとんど没交渉であったが,使徒時代,ギリシア語を話す使徒たちはサマリアに宣教におもむき,ピリポ,ペテロ,ヨハネらの活動を通じてここにも教会の基礎がおかれた (使徒行伝8・5~17) 。その後ユダヤ人の反乱でセバステは焼かれ衰退したが,セウェルス帝治下で再び繁栄を回復,キリスト教がローマ帝国の国教となるとセバステには司教座がおかれた。 634年以後はアラビア人の支配下に入った。
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