Sa'dī (English spelling) Musharrif al-Dīn Sa'dī

Persian poet. Born to a family of scholars in Shiraz, a city in southern Iran. After completing basic studies in his hometown, he went to study at the Nizamiya College in Baghdad to pursue advanced studies. He finished his studies around 1226, but instead of returning to his hometown, he set out on a journey of wandering, traveling around Western Asia as a mendicant for about 30 years, striving to practice mysticism. He returned to his hometown in 56 and was treated well by the ruler of the local Sargarid dynasty and the governor of the Ilkhanid dynasty. In his later years, he lived a secluded life in a hermitage on the outskirts of Shiraz, spending the rest of his days in peace. His tomb is known as "Saadiyeh" and is a famous landmark in Shiraz.

He gained immortality in the history of Persian literature with two masterpieces, "The Orchard" (1257) and "The Rose Garden" (1258), which he wrote immediately after returning home after a long journey of wandering. "The Orchard," consisting of about 4,000 verses, is an epic poem consisting of a prologue and 10 chapters, and is composed under the titles "Justice, Prudent Plan, Mercy, Love, Resignation, and Contentment." Backed by his rich life experience and scholarship, it is regarded as the pinnacle of didactic poetry. The Collected Works of Sa'di also contain many excellent lyric poems. Lyric poems sing of real-life love and wine, and are characterized by the expression of natural emotions.

[Tsuneo Kuroyanagi]

"Persian Poets by Tsuneo Kuroyanagi (1980, Tokyo Shimbun Publishing Bureau)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ペルシアの詩人。イラン南部の都市シーラーズの学者の家に生まれる。郷里で基礎学問を修めたのち、バグダードのニザーミーヤ学院に留学して高度の学問を学ぶ。1226年ごろ留学を終えたが、郷里に帰らず、放浪の旅に出立、托鉢(たくはつ)僧として約30年間西アジア各地を遍歴、神秘主義の修行に努めた。56年郷里に帰り、地方王朝サルガル朝君主やイル・ハン朝の太守の知遇を受ける。晩年はシーラーズ郊外に庵(いおり)を結び、隠遁(いんとん)生活を送り、静かな余生を過ごした。その墓は「サーディーエ」として知られ、シーラーズの名所になっている。

　長い放浪の旅を終え帰郷直後に執筆した二つの名作『果樹園』（1257）と『薔薇(ばら)園』（1258）によってペルシア文学史上不朽の名声を得た。約4000句の『果樹園』は序と10章からなる叙事詩で、正義、良策、恩愛、愛、諦念(ていねん)、満足などの表題で詠まれ、豊かな人生経験と学識に裏づけられており、教訓詩の極致として評価される。『サーディー全集』には多くの優れた叙情詩も収める。叙情詩は現実生活の愛や酒を好んで歌い、自然な感情の表現を特色としている。

［黒柳恒男］

『黒柳恒男著『ペルシアの詩人たち』（1980・東京新聞出版局）』

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