Crown gall disease

Japanese: 根頭癌腫病 - こんとうがんしゅびょう
Crown gall disease
A plant disease caused by the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens. It causes galls on the roots or stems of many trees and herbaceous plants. The pathogenic bacterium lives in the soil, invades the plant through wounds in the roots or stems, attaches to the cell wall, and then transfers the transfer DNA region (T-DNA) on a plasmid (Ti plasmid) inside the bacterium into the plant cell and integrates it into the plant's chromosomal DNA. The T-DNA contains genes that synthesize plant hormones and special amino acids that serve as nutrients for the bacterium, so infected plants begin to produce these substances, and the excess plant hormones thus produced cause abnormal proliferation of plant cells, resulting in the formation of cancer. At present, technology has been established that utilizes this infection mechanism to use this bacterium as a vector for plant genetic engineering.
→ Related topic: Plant bacterial diseases

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
植物病原細菌アグロバクテリウム・チュメファシエンスによって引き起こされる植物病。多くの樹木や草本植物の根あるいは茎の地ぎわ部にこぶを生じる。病原細菌は土壌中に生息し,根や茎の傷口から侵入して細胞壁に接着した後,菌体内のプラスミド(Tiプラスミド)上にある転移DNA領域(T-DNA)を植物細胞内に移行させ,植物の染色体DNAに組み込ませる。T-DNAには植物ホルモンおよび細菌の栄養となる特殊アミノ酸を合成する遺伝子が座乗しているため,感染植物はこれらの物質を生産するようになり,こうして生産された過剰の植物ホルモンの作用によって植物細胞の異常増殖が生じる結果,癌腫が形成される。現在では,このような感染機構を応用して,本菌を植物遺伝子工学のベクターとして利用する技術が確立されている。
→関連項目植物細菌病

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