Naosuke Gonda

Japanese: 権田直助 - ごんだ・なおすけ

Year of death: June 8, 1887
Year of birth: Bunka 6.1.13 (1809.2.26)
A scholar of Japanese classics, Shintoism, and physician in the late Edo and Meiji periods. His childhood name was Genjo, and he was called Nagoshi Nosha. He was born in Moro Hongo, Iruma County, Musashi Province (Saitama Prefecture). Both his grandfather Kyūgen and his father Naonori (Kashiro) were village physicians of the Gonda family. At the age of 19, he went to Edo and studied traditional Chinese medicine under the shogunate's medical officer Noma Kōshun'in, and Confucianism under Asaka Gonsai. In 1830 (Tenpo 1), at the age of 22, he returned to his hometown and opened a medical practice. In 1830 (Tenpo 8), at the age of 29, he went back to Edo again and studied traditional Japanese studies under Hirata Atsutane, and advocated "Imperial medicine" based on traditional Japanese studies. In the situation at the time, medicine was being overtaken by traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and his work attempted to establish the original medical path of Japan, and to give a system to Japan's traditional medical practices, of which only fragments had been passed down, and to elevate them to a medical path of its own, but he did not necessarily reject traditional Chinese and Western medicine. For this reason, his medical research turned to the study of medical texts handed down from ancient Japan, such as the Daido Ruijuho and Shin'iho. In 1862, he went to Kyoto and joined the Hirata faction's Sonn-Joi movement, where he played an active role among the nobles, and thereafter he continued to keep up with current affairs in Edo and Kyoto. After the Meiji Restoration, he became the governor of the Inspection Office, a doctor at the University, and an official medical officer, but was forced from his post due to the conflict between Japanese and Western culture. In July 1873, he was appointed chief priest and lecturer at Oyama Afuri Shrine in Sagami Province, and in 1879 he became provisional chief priest, and from that year until 1881, he also served as chief priest of Izu Mishima Shrine. He subsequently served as professor at the Koten Kokyusho in 1882, chief priest in 1883, adviser to the Shinto Secretariat, and editor of the Shinto Headquarters in 1884, and was active in the Shinto and Japanese studies circles of the early Meiji period. <References> Shiro Kanzaki, "Gonda Naosuke, the Pilgrim of Shinto," and "Gonda Naosuke Collection" ("National Learning System," Vol. 20)

(Hirano Mitsuru)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：明治20.6.8(1887)
生年：文化6.1.13(1809.2.26)
幕末明治期の国学者,神道家,医者。幼名玄常。名越廼舎と号す。武蔵国入間郡(埼玉県)毛呂本郷に生まれる。権田家は祖父休玄,父直教(嘉七郎)とも村医師であった。19歳のとき江戸に出て幕府の医官野間広春院について漢方医学を,安積艮斎に儒学を学び,天保1(1830)年22歳で郷里に帰って医を開業した。天保8年29歳のとき再度江戸に出て平田篤胤に入門して国学を学び,国学思想に基づく「皇朝医学」を唱えた。当時の医学が漢洋医学に主導権を奪われている状況に対して,わが国本来の医道を打ち立てようとするもので,断片しか伝えられていないわが国の古い医方に体系を与え一個の医道にまで高めようとするものであったが,必ずしも漢洋医学を否定するものではなかった。このためその医学研究は『大同類聚方』『神遺方』などわが国古代から伝わる医書の研究に向かった。文久2(1862)年京都に上って平田派の尊攘運動に加わり公卿の間に活躍,その後も江戸京都の間を時事に奔走した。維新後,監察司知事,大学中博士,医道御用掛となったが国漢洋の対立から職を追われた。明治6(1873)年7月から相模国大山阿夫利神社祠宮,大講義に任ぜられ,同12年には権大教正となり,この年から14年まで伊豆三島神社の宮司を兼任した。以後は同15年皇典講究所教授,16年大教正,17年神道事務局顧問,神道本局編輯掛などを歴任し明治前期の神道・国学界に活躍した。<参考文献>神崎四郎『惟神道の躬行者権田直助翁』,同『権田直助集』(『国学体系』20巻)

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