Constantine

Japanese: コンスタンティーヌ - こんすたんてぃーぬ(英語表記)Constantine
Constantine

A city in northeastern Algeria, North Africa. Capital of the prefecture of Constantine. In Arabic, it is called Qacentina. Population 462,187 (1998), 717,646 (2008 census). Located about 90 km inland from the Mediterranean coast, at an altitude of 600 m in the Atlas Mountains. Facing the deep gorge of the Rumelle River, the city is spectacular with a 200 m high cliff that rises just below the city. It is a junction between the Mediterranean coast, the Atlas Plateau, and nomadic areas, and has been a trading center for agricultural products since ancient times. In ancient times, a Carthaginian colony was built there and called Cirta. In the Roman era, it was destroyed in a war in 311, but was rebuilt by Emperor Constantine the Great. The city's name comes from this. It flourished as the main city of the region until the rule of the Ottoman Empire in the early modern period. Remains of Roman and Byzantine aqueducts, city walls, a triumphal arch, and old mosques remain. During the French colonial period, a European-style city area was built around the Medina (Arab quarter). In 1958, during the war of independence, French President de Gaulle announced a plan to rebuild the Algerian economy, known locally as the "Constantine Plan." After independence in 1962, industrialization progressed, with industries such as textiles, food, machinery, cement, and leather established, and a comprehensive university was also established. In recent years, there has been a continued influx of population from surrounding rural areas, and the housing shortage is becoming serious. It is a hub for railways and roads connecting Algiers with Tunis in Tunisia, and also has an international airport.

[Hiroshi Fujii]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

北アフリカ、アルジェリア北東部の都市。コンスタンティーヌ県の県都。アラビア語ではクサンティーナQacentina。人口46万2187(1998)、71万7646(2008センサス)。地中海岸から約90キロメートル内陸、アトラス山脈中の標高600メートルに位置する。ルメル川の深い峡谷に面し、市街地の直下に切り立つ高さ200メートルの断崖(だんがい)は壮観である。地中海沿岸とアトラス高原および遊牧地域との結節点で、古くから農産物の交易地であった。古代にカルタゴの植民都市が建設されキルタCirtaとよばれた。ローマ時代には311年に戦争で廃墟(はいきょ)となったが、コンスタンティヌス大帝が再建した。市名はこれに由来する。その後近世のオスマン帝国統治下に至るまで、この地方の主要都市として栄えた。ローマ、ビザンティン時代の水道、城壁、凱旋(がいせん)門、古いモスクなどが残されている。フランス植民地時代、メディナ(アラブ人市街地)の周辺にヨーロッパ風市街地がつくられた。独立戦争中の1958年フランスのドゴール大統領は、当地で「コンスタンティーヌ計画」として知られるアルジェリア経済再建計画を発表した。1962年の独立後工業化が進み、繊維、食品、機械、セメント、皮革などの工業が立地し、総合大学も設置された。近年周辺農村からの人口流入が続き、住宅不足が深刻である。アルジェとチュニジアのチュニスを結ぶ鉄道、道路の結節点であり、国際空港もある。

[藤井宏志]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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