A supersonic passenger aircraft (SST) jointly developed by the UK and France. The two countries started planning separately around 1956, but due to similar concepts and the huge costs involved in developing new technology, they decided to jointly develop it in 1962. After a long development period, the prototype made its first flight in March 1969 and recorded a speed of Mach 2.0 in November 1970. In January 1976, British Airways put it into service on the London-Bahrain route, and Air France put it into service on the Paris-Rio de Janeiro route. It has data such as a width of 25.6 meters, a length of 62.1 meters, a wing area of 358.3 square meters, a maximum weight of 185.1 tons, a maximum passenger capacity of 128 people, a maximum speed of Mach 2.02 (2,180 kilometers per hour), and a cruising altitude of 20,000 meters. It is characterized by its long, thin triangular wings and two engine clusters under each wing. The aircraft has a very narrow fuselage and seats in three or four rows. It ceased commercial operations in October 2003. Even before the planes were launched, noise and air pollution from exhaust fumes were problems, and traffic control was difficult due to the speed and flight altitude, so there was a lot of opposition from countries that the planes were operated in and through, and the number of routes was very limited. For this reason, the planes were mass-produced and improved considerably, and the number of passengers was not small, but the operating rate was low and the fuel costs were so high that even with the huge development costs subsidized by the government, the profitability was poor. The reality is that both companies continued to operate despite huge losses. Although the planes are highly regarded for their numerous innovations and their significant contributions to the development of aviation technology, the outdated design was obvious and future development was unlikely, so production was discontinued with the 16th plane in June 1979. The planes continued to operate without any accidents after that, but just as rumors of the aircraft's aging were starting to spread, an Air France flight from Paris to New York crashed shortly after takeoff on July 25, 2000, killing 113 people. Following this accident, both Air France and British Airways temporarily suspended Concorde operations. Although they later resumed, Air France ceased operations in May 2003, and British Airways also ceased commercial operations after its last flight on October 24 of the same year. [Kazuo Ochiai] Brian Trubshaw, translated by Koji Koji, "Project Concorde: The Men Who Supported the Glory and Tragedy of the Monster Bird" (2001, Hara Shobo) [References] | | |A supersonic passenger aircraft jointly developed by the UK and France. Wingspan 25.6m, overall length 62.1m, maximum takeoff weight 181.435t, cruising speed Mach 2.02 (2180km/h), range 6860km, 100 passengers, first flight 1969 © Toshihisa Watanabe "> Concorde ©Shogakukan "> Three views of Concorde ©Shogakukan "> Concorde fuel transfer system ©Shogakukan "> Concorde's automatic air intake control system... Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリス、フランス共同開発の超音速旅客機(いわゆるSST)。1956年ごろから両国でそれぞれ別個に計画が始められたが、構想が似通っていることと、新しい技術の開発のため莫大(ばくだい)な費用を要することから、62年に共同開発に踏み切った。その後、長い開発期間を経て、試作機が1969年3月に初飛行を行い、70年11月にマッハ2.0を記録した。76年1月より英国航空(ブリティッシュ・エアウェイズ)がロンドン―バーレーン、エールフランスがパリ―リオ・デ・ジャネイロ線に就航させた。全幅25.6メートル、全長62.1メートル、翼面積358.3平方メートル、最大重量185.1トン、最大乗客数128人、最大速度マッハ2.02(時速2180キロメートル)、巡航高度2万メートルといったデータをもち、細く長い三角の翼が特徴であり、翼の下に2基ずつまとめたエンジンクラスターを備えている。胴体もきわめて細く、客席は3~4列配置となっている。2003年10月、商業運航を終了。 就航前から騒音や排気ガスによる大気汚染が問題となり、また速度や飛行高度の関係から交通管制がむずかしいなどの理由で、乗り入れおよび通過国からの反対が多く、就航路線はごく限られてしまった。このため量産機になってかなりの改善が加えられ、乗客数も少なくはないが、稼動率が低く、さらに燃料費の高騰などから、膨大な開発費を国家の補助に仰いだにしても採算性は悪かった。両社とも巨額の欠損を抱えながら、運航を続けていたというのが実情である。数々の新機軸を生み出し、航空技術の発展に大きく寄与した点は高く評価されているが、設計の古さが目だち今後の発展は望めなくなったことから、1979年6月の第16号機で生産は打ち切られた。その後も無事故で運航は続けられたが、機体の老朽化問題がささやかれたやさき、2000年7月25日パリ発ニューヨーク行きエールフランス便が離陸直後に墜落事故を起こし、113人の死者を出した。この事故以降、エールフランス、英国航空両社は一時コンコルドの運航を停止、その後再開したもののエールフランスは2003年5月には運航を終了、英国航空も同年10月24日の便を最後に商業運航を終了している。 [落合一夫] 『ブライアン・トラブショー著、小路浩史訳『コンコルド・プロジェクト 栄光と悲劇の怪鳥を支えた男たち』(2001・原書房)』 [参照項目] | | |イギリス、フランス共同開発の超音速旅客機。翼幅25.6m、全長62.1m、最大離陸重量181.435t、巡航速度マッハ2.02(2180km/h)、航続距離6860km、乗客100人、初飛行1969年©渡部利久"> コンコルド ©Shogakukan"> コンコルドの三面図 ©Shogakukan"> コンコルドの燃料移送システム ©Shogakukan"> コンコルドの空気取入れ口自動制御システ… 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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