Italian folk song - Italian folk song

Japanese: イタリア民謡 - いたりあみんよう
Italian folk song - Italian folk song

Folk songs originated and continue to be sung in the Italian peninsula. They are based on the regional dialects that represent the various ethnic and linguistic groups of Italy, and therefore show great diversity. Mediterranean folk songs are generally lyrical and melodic, with many solo songs with fluent melismas and long vowels, and are related to the modes of the Middle East and India. In northern Italy, while retaining its own characteristics, the influence of France, Germany and Slavic countries can be seen. The music is in a modern major and minor key supported by triads, without melismatic ornamentation, but with flashy melodies, and choral and polyphonic songs were in fashion. In central Italy, folk songs have a variety of characteristics derived from the neighboring regions: the melodies are flamboyant and melismatic, and although solo songs dominate, polyphony is also found. In Sardinia, an archaic singing style that was completely uninfluenced by other influences remains. A typical example is vocal choir, which has a complex style divided into many voices.

Italian folk songs, on the other hand, are diverse in type, including all the unique types of folk music that have emerged from European culture, such as lullabies, work songs, love songs, wedding songs, carnival and pilgrimage music, funeral laments, etc. Currently, about 20,000 examples of Italian folk songs have been recorded and are kept at the Italian National Central Institute of Popular Music and the National Archive of Ethnic, Linguistic and Musical Recordings.

In addition, many of the Canzone Napolitana songs familiar in Japan as Neapolitan folk songs were composed after the 18th century and belong to the category of popular music rather than folk songs.

[Toshiaki Kurosaka]

[Reference] | Canzone

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリア半島で生まれ、歌われ続けている民謡。イタリアのさまざまな民族的、言語学的集団を代表する地域方言に基づくため、多種多様な傾向を示している。地中海地方の民謡は、一般に叙情的で旋律的であり、母音を引き伸ばして歌う流暢(りゅうちょう)なメリスマをもつ独唱曲が多く、中近東やインドの旋法と関係している。北イタリアでは、固有の特徴を保持しながらも、フランス、ドイツ、スラブの国々の影響がうかがわれる。音楽は、三和音に支えられた近代的な長短調であり、メリスマ的な装飾はもたないが、けばけばしい旋律で、合唱やポリフォニーも流行していた。中部イタリアの民謡は、隣接する地方に由来する変化に富んだ特徴を有している。すなわち、旋律は華やかで、しかもメリスマ的であり、独唱曲が支配的ではあるが、複声の歌もみられる。サルデーニャ島には、ほかから影響をまったく受けていない古風な歌唱様式が残っている。多くの声部に分けられた複雑な様式をもつ声楽合唱などは、その代表例である。

 一方、イタリア民謡は類型も多彩で、子守歌や労働歌をはじめ、愛の歌や婚礼の歌、カーニバルや聖地巡礼の音楽、葬送の哀悼歌など、ヨーロッパ文化から生み出された独特の民族音楽のあらゆる類型が含まれている。現在、こういったイタリア民謡は約2万の実例が記録され、イタリアの国立中央大衆音楽研究所と国立民族言語音楽録音資料保存所に保存されている。

 なお、日本でナポリ民謡として親しまれているカンツォーネ・ナポリターナは、多くは18世紀以降に作曲されたもので、民謡よりはポピュラー音楽の分野に属するものである。

[黒坂俊昭]

[参照項目] | カンツォーネ

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