A unitary authority in the southwestern tip of England, United Kingdom. Also called Cornwall. The seat of its administrative office is Truro. In 2009, it became a unitary authority from a county. It occupies the tip of a peninsula that protrudes southwest from southern England and separates the Bristol Channel from the English Channel. It was heavily influenced by the Armoric orogeny at the end of the Palaeozoic era, and is mostly made up of folded old red sandstone, but there are intrusions of granite in places. As a result of long-term erosion, these granites have been exposed, forming plateaus such as Bodmin Moor and the Scilly Isles. A ria coast has developed on the south bank facing the English Channel, and the mouths of rivers such as the Thamar, Foy, and Fal form dendritic inlets. This area was inhabited from early times, and there are many prehistoric megalithic monuments such as dolmens, menhirs, and alignements. The indigenous Britons, the Celtic people of England, resisted the rule of the Anglo-Saxons in this region until the 11th century, and Celtic languages were used until the 18th century, and their names can still be seen in place names. The region is rich in mineral resources, and copper and tin have been mined since ancient times, as well as granite and kaolin. The mining facilities, which remain as they were in the 18th and 19th centuries, were registered as a cultural heritage of the World Heritage Sites in 2006. The main industry is agriculture, with grains, fodder crops, potatoes, and other crops grown, and market gardening is also popular. Dairy farming is important in the west. The region is blessed with beautiful scenery and climate, and tourism has developed in recent years, with the former small fishing port now bustling as a seaside resort. Fishing is also practiced along the southern coast. Industry is not very developed. Area: 3,546 km2 . Population: 531,100 (2009 estimate). Cornwall |
イギリス,イングランド南西端の単一自治体(ユニタリー unitary authority)。コーンワルともいう。行政府所在地トルロー。2009年に県から単一自治体に移行した。イングランド南部から南西方向に突出してブリストル海峡とイギリス海峡を分ける半島の先端部を占める。古生代末期のアルモリカ造山運動の影響を強く受けた地域で,大部分が褶曲を受けた旧赤色砂岩層からなるが,ところどころに花崗岩の貫入がみられ,長い浸食作用の結果,これら花崗岩が露出し,ボドミンムア台地をはじめとする台地やシリー諸島を形成している。イギリス海峡に面する南岸にはリアス海岸が発達し,テーマー川,フォイ川,ファル川などの川の河口部は樹枝状の入江となっている。早くから人が住んでいた地域で,ドルメン,メンヒル,アリニュマンなど先史時代の巨石記念物が多い。イギリスの先住民であるケルト系のブリトン人は,この地域で 11世紀頃までアングロ・サクソン人の支配に抵抗,ケルト系の言語は 18世紀まで用いられており,地名などにその名残りがみられる。鉱物資源に恵まれ,古くから銅やスズなどがとれるほか,花崗岩,カオリンなどが採掘される。18~19世紀当時の姿を残す採掘施設は 2006年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された。主産業は農業で,穀物,飼料作物,ジャガイモなどが栽培され,市場園芸も盛ん。西部では酪農が重要。風光と気候に恵まれ,近年観光業が発展し,かつての小漁港が海浜保養地としてにぎわう。南部沿岸では漁業も行なわれる。工業はあまり発展していない。面積 3546km2。人口 53万1100(2009推計)。
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