Russian mathematician. Born in Moscow. Interested in mathematics from her early childhood, she wanted to study abroad, but her father refused to let her leave the country unmarried. So, at the age of 18, she married in name only Vladimir Onufrievich Kovalevski (1842-1883), who was planning to study abroad, and went to Heidelberg, Germany, after which the two went their separate ways. After studying under mathematician Leo Königsberger (1837-1921), from 1870 she received private instruction on Abelian functions from Weierstrass. Kovalevskaya's progress was remarkable, and she led a fulfilling research life. Her most famous achievement during this period is her research on partial differential equations, for which she was awarded a doctorate from the University of Göttingen in the autumn of 1874. In 1876, her irregular marriage became official after her father's death, but they soon began living apart, and in March 1883, following her husband's suicide, she was invited by the rector of Stockholm University to become a lecturer at the university. At the time, women were not even allowed to attend lectures, and there was strong criticism of her and the rector, but her public reputation improved when the Paris Academy of Sciences awarded her the Bordin Prize in 1888. She soon became a professor, and gave her first lecture as a professor in February 1891, but died of a cold a few days later. [Ken Kobori] "Sonja Kovalevskaya (Autobiography and Reminiscences)" (translated by Yaeko Nogami) (Iwanami Bunko) [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシアの数学者。モスクワの生まれ。少女時代から数学に興味をもち、外国での勉強を望んだが、未婚のままで国外へ出ることを父に拒まれた。そこで18歳のとき、海外留学予定者コワレフスキーVladimir Onufrievich Kovalevski(1842―1883)と名義だけの結婚をして、ドイツのハイデルベルクへ行き、以後、二人は別行動をとった。数学者ケーニクスベルゲルLeo Königsberger(1837―1921)に師事したのち、1870年からワイアシュトラースにアーベル関数に関する個人指導を受けた。コワレフスカヤの進歩は著しく、充実した研究生活を送った。この間の業績のうちでもっとも有名なのは偏微分方程式の研究で、これに対して1874年秋ゲッティンゲン大学から学位を授与された。 1876年、父の死去を機に変則的な結婚から正式の結婚へ転じたが、ほどなく別居生活を始め、1883年3月、夫の自殺を契機に、ストックホルム大学長の招きを受けてこの大学の講師となった。当時は女性の聴講すら許されない状況であり、彼女や学長への非難は激しかったが、1888年パリ科学アカデミーが彼女にボルダン賞を授与したことにより、世間の評判もよくなった。まもなく教授になり、1891年2月に教授として初講義をしたが、数日後に、かぜがもとで他界した。 [小堀 憲] 『野上弥生子訳『ソーニャ・コヴァレフスカヤ(自伝と追想)』(岩波文庫)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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