Isolated language - Koritsugo

Japanese: 孤立語 - こりつご
Isolated language - Koritsugo

A structural type of language. A language in which the grammatical relationship between words in a sentence is expressed only by word order and conjunctions, and which is said to have no inflection at all. Usually, Chinese is considered a typical example, but this is not quite correct in many ways. This is because the modern language (standard language based on the Beijing dialect) has developed postpositional particles for noun phrases such as "xuehua li " ( to school) and "jiao dao shang " ( on the street), and verb phrases such as " chi le " ( eat ) and "kan zhu " ( look ) rarely appear without a certain tense or form-indicating ending. Therefore, if an isolated language could have the meaning as defined, it would only apply to ancient Chinese, which had not yet developed such noun postpositions and verb endings (suffixes). However, because ancient Chinese was recorded in Chinese characters, a writing system that at first glance appears to be ideographic, it appears as if there were no inflections at all, but this is only an appearance, and many people believe that in reality there were various inflections. Therefore, it is reasonable to think that an isolated language is a type that is assumed to be at one extreme of the languages ​​spoken by humans, and does not refer to any real language.

[Mantaro Hashimoto]

"The Structure of Language" by Hisanosuke Izumi (1967, Kinokuniya Shoten)""Introduction to Linguistics: Language and Symbolic Systems" by Y.R. Chao, translated by Mantaro Hashimoto (1980, Iwanami Shoten)""Chinese Languages: Their Characteristics and History" by B. Carlgren, translated by Shinichi Ohara, Tetsuo Tsujii, Akira Aiura, and Tatsuo Nishida (1958, Jiangnan Shoin)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

言語の構造類型の一つ。文中における単語間の文法的な関係が、語順や接続詞などによってしか表されず、いわゆる語形変化のまったくないとされる言語。普通、中国語がその典型的なものとされているが、それは種々の意味であまり正しくない。なぜかというと、その現代語(北京(ペキン)方言を基礎とする標準語)は、名詞句に対しては「学校」(学校)、「街道」(通り)のように後置助詞を発達させてしまったし、動詞句では「吃」(食べ)、「看」(見ている)のように、不定法以外の動詞は一定の時制や体(たい)を示す語尾なしにはあまり現れなくなっているからである。したがって、もしも孤立語ということがその定義どおりの意味でありうるとしたら、それは、こうした名詞後置詞や動詞語尾(接尾辞)をまだあまり発達させていなかった古代中国語にしか当てはまらないであろう。しかし、その古代中国語も、漢字という一見表意文字であるかのようにみえる書記法によって記録されているから、語形変化がまったくないかのように見受けられるが、それは外見だけであって、実際には各種の語形変化があったとみる人も多い。したがって、孤立語とは、人間の話す言語のなかの一方の極に想定されるタイプをいうものであって、現実のどの言語をさすものでもないと考えてよいと思われる。

[橋本萬太郎]

『泉井久之助著『言語の構造』(1967・紀伊國屋書店)』『Y・R・チャオ著、橋本萬太郎訳『言語学入門――言語と記号システム』(1980・岩波書店)』『B・カールグレン著、大原信一・辻井哲雄・相浦杲・西田龍雄訳『中国の言語――その特質と歴史について』(1958・江南書院)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Isolationism

>>:  Gorizia (English spelling)

hPL
hPL
Blog    

Recommend

Emperor Kasuganomiya

?-716 Asuka - A retired emperor of the Nara perio...

Arashi Oruda - Arashi Oruda

...Kazakh nationalists formed the Alash Party to ...

Bao Zheng; Pao Chêng

[Raw] Hampyeong 3 (1000) [Died] Kayu 7 (1062) A fa...

Meteorological satellite

An artificial satellite launched for the purpose ...

Carbide

In the broad sense, it refers to carbides, but is ...

Wolffian

Mesonephros Middle-aged people . Source: About Sh...

Pyramidal tract - Pyramidal

The pyramidal tract is a nerve pathway that contr...

Orbiter

A spaceship that orbits a planet or a moon. [Addit...

Windows98 - Windows 98 (English)

An operating system for personal computers release...

Deutzia gracilis - Deutzia gracilis

A deciduous shrub of the Coriaceae family (APG cl...

Kinpika - Kinpika

…None of these names appear in documents from the...

Nanda Devi [Mountain] (English spelling)

The highest peak in the Garhwal Himalayas, Uttar P...

Thysanura

...Species found in fallen coniferous trees in No...

Kunihiko Kodaira - Kunihiko Kodaira

Born: March 16, 1915, Tokyo [Died] July 26, 1997. ...

Paraná (State of Paraná)

A state in southern Brazil. Area: 199,544 km2, pop...