It is a strategic point that Israel captured from Syria in the 1967 Six-Day War. Its average altitude is about 600m. It is blessed with rain, with an average annual rainfall of 500-800mm, and has long been known as a fertile land. Golan means "circumambulation" or "patrol" in Hebrew. It is pronounced "jowran" in Arabic. The population before Israeli occupation was estimated at 150,000. There were 400 villages scattered around, including the central city of Quneitra. The majority of the residents were Sunni Arabs, but there were also Druze, Alawites, and Circassians. The Circassians are Muslims who lived in the northeastern part of the Caucasus, but they are the descendants of people who fled Russian oppression and migrated to the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. The majority of these residents were expelled by the Israeli army, and their villages were destroyed. They dream of the day they can return to their homeland in places like Damascus, Syria. Only about 8,000 people, or 5% of the population, were allowed to remain; the majority are Druze and the rest are Alawites. In the early stages of the Yom Kippur War in 1973, Syrian forces recaptured part of the Golan, but Israeli forces counterattacked and recaptured it. The forces of both countries were subsequently separated, and only a small area, such as the ruins of Quneitra, was returned to Syria, where it remains to this day. Lake Tiberias (Galilee), adjacent to the Golan Heights, is a valuable water source for Israel, so along with land issues, water issues are also a key point in negotiations between Syria and Israel (Middle East water issues). (Kazuo Takahashi, Associate Professor, The Open University of Japan / 2007) Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo |
1967年の第3次中東戦争でイスラエルがシリアから奪った戦略上の要衝。平均標高は約600m。年平均降水量500〜800mmと雨にも恵まれ、古くから肥沃な土地として知られてきた。ゴランとはヘブライ語で「周行」「巡回」の意味。アラビア語ではジョウラーンと発音される。イスラエルの占領前の人口は15万人と推定されている。中心都市クネイトラなど400の村落が点在していた。住民の大半がスンニ派のアラブ人であったが、ドルーズ派、アラウィー派、チェルケス人なども生活していた。チェルケス人とはコーカサスの北東部に生活していたイスラム教徒だが、ロシアの圧迫を逃れ、19世紀にオスマン帝国領に移住した人々の子孫。そうした住民の大多数がイスラエル軍によって追放され、村落なども破壊された。シリアのダマスカスなどで彼らは故郷に帰る日を夢見ている。残留が許されたのは人口の5%に当たる8000人ほどで、大半はドルーズ派、残りはアラウィー派である。73年の第4次中東戦争の初期にはシリア軍がゴランの一部を奪い返したが、反撃に出たイスラエル軍が再度奪取した。その後両国の兵力の引き離しが行われ、廃虚となったクネイトラなどわずかな地域がシリアに返還されて現在に至っている。ゴラン高原に隣接するティベリアス(ガリラヤ)湖はイスラエルにとって貴重な水源になっているため、土地の問題と共に水の問題がシリア・イスラエル間の交渉のポイントでもある(中東水利問題)。
(高橋和夫 放送大学助教授 / 2007年) 出典 (株)朝日新聞出版発行「知恵蔵」知恵蔵について 情報 |
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