Gobetti - Gobetti (English spelling) Piero Gobetti

Italian thinker and journalist. Born as the only son of a Turin general merchandise merchant, he was blessed with a remarkably precocious talent for social issues, and in 1918, at the age of 17, he launched the magazine "Nouveau Energia", attracting the hopes of Salvemini, Croce, Einaudi, and others. Although he was a lifelong liberal, he had a deep interest in the Russian Revolution and the Turin Communist movement, and was particularly influenced by Gramsci, which opened up new horizons for him, and he was in charge of the literary column of the Communist Party's daily newspaper "Ordinée Nuovo". In February 1922, he launched the magazine "Liberal Revolution" (it ceased publication in October 1925). This political weekly magazine, which brought together many radical intellectuals, became a base for the formation of early anti-fascist public opinion. His perspective was that fascism was the result of the historical defects of the Italian liberal state, and he pursued the reform of these defects from various angles, seeking the alliance between intellectuals and workers as the agent of such reform. As a cultural organizer, he also confronted Fascism through his publishing activities (Gobbetti Bookshop) and the literary criticism magazine "Baletti". He continued his activities undeterred despite repeated crackdowns and violence by the Fascist authorities, but at the end of 1925, when there was no room for his activities any more, he fled to Paris, where he died of illness shortly thereafter. His ideas were later inherited by the Justice and Liberty faction and the Action Party, and became an important source of anti-fascist culture.

[Yasuro Shigeoka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

イタリアの思想家、ジャーナリスト。トリノの雑貨商のひとり息子に生まれたが、社会問題に対する著しく早熟な才能に恵まれ、1918年に17歳で『新エネルギー』誌を発刊し、サルベミニやクローチェ、エイナウディなどの期待を集めた。終生、自由主義者であったが、ロシア革命とトリノ共産主義運動に深い関心を寄せ、とくにグラムシの影響により新しい視野を開き、共産党の日刊紙『オルディネ・ヌオーボ』の文芸欄を担当した。1922年2月『自由主義革命』誌を創刊（1925年10月終刊）。多数の急進的知識人を結集したこの政治的週刊誌は初期反ファシズムの世論形成の拠点になった。その観点は、イタリア自由主義国家の歴史的諸欠陥の帰結としてファシズムをとらえ、それらの欠陥の変革を多角的に追求し、その変革主体を知識人と労働者の提携に求めたといいうる。彼は、文化組織者としてさらに出版活動（ゴベッティ書店）と文芸評論誌『バレッティ』の発行によってファシズムと対決した。ファシスト官憲による数次の弾圧と暴行にもひるまず活動を続けたが、活動の余地が消え去った1925年末にパリに亡命し、まもなく病死した。なお、彼の思想はその後「正義と自由」派や行動党に継承され、反ファシズム文化の重要な源泉になった。

［重岡保郎］

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