Cobden, Richard

Japanese: コブデン（英語表記）Cobden， Richard

Born: 3 June 1804, near Midhurst, Sussex
Died April 2, 1865. London. British politician. Leader of the Manchester faction. One of the leading figures in the free trade movement, along with J. Bright. In 1828, he and a friend started a calico business, and in 1831, he set up a factory in Lancashire and started a calico printing industry. The following year, he settled in Manchester. In 1838, he started a campaign to repeal the Corn Laws with several Manchester merchants, and the following year, he expanded it to a national organization called the Anti-Corn Law League and became its leader. In 1841, he became a member of the House of Commons, and worked with Bright and others to successfully repeal the Corn Laws (1846). After that, he toured the continent to advocate free trade (1846-1847), and also appealed to both domestic and international audiences for the need for international arbitration and disarmament. He opposed the Palmerston Cabinet's (1855-1858) active intervention in the Crimean War and the Arrow War, and succeeded in passing a motion to impeach the government's foreign policy in 1857, but lost the following year's election along with Bright. He was re-elected in 1859 and was asked to join the second Palmerston cabinet, but refused. However, he played a leading role in the signing of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between England and France in 1860 and supported the North during the American Civil War.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1804.6.3. サセックス，ミッドハースト近郊
[没]1865.4.2. ロンドン
イギリスの政治家。マンチェスター派の指導者。 J.ブライトと並び称される自由貿易運動の代表者。 1828年友人とキャラコ商を始め，31年ランカシャーに工場を設けてキャラコ捺染工業を開始し，翌年マンチェスターに定住した。 38年数人のマンチェスター商人とともに「穀物法」撤廃運動を開始し，翌年には「反穀物法同盟」という全国的組織に拡張してその指導者となった。 41年下院議員となり，ブライトらと協力して穀物法廃止に成功 (1846) 。その後は大陸諸国を歴訪して自由貿易を説き (46～47) ，また国際仲裁裁判と軍縮の必要を内外に訴えた。パーマストン内閣 (55～58) のクリミア戦争やアロー戦争への積極的介入に反対し，57年政府の外交政策弾劾動議の成立に成功したが，翌年の選挙ではブライトとともに落選。 59年再選され，第2次パーマストン内閣に入閣を求められたが拒絶した。しかし 60年の英仏通商条約の締結には率先して尽力，またアメリカ南北戦争に際しては北部を支持した。

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