Gosen Wakashu - Gosen Wakashu

This is the second imperially commissioned waka anthology after the Kokin Wakashu. It is abbreviated as Gosenshu. In 951 (Tenryaku 5), by order of Emperor Murakami, a waka sensho (a place for the selection of waka poems) was established in Shoyosha (Nashitsubo), and Fujiwara no Koretada was appointed as its chief priest, and Onakatomi no Yoshinobu, Kiyohara no Motosuke, Minamoto no Shitago, Ki no Tokibumi, and Sakanoue no Mochiki, the so-called "Five Men of Nashitsubo," were appointed as its directors. They interpreted the Manyoshu and compiled an anthology of imperially commissioned waka poems. This anthology was the result of the latter. The date of its creation is unknown, and since Fujiwara no Kiyosuke's Fukurozoshi, the theory that it has never been finalized has been widely accepted. The sections are Spring, Vol. 1-3, Summer (Vol. 4), Autumn, Vol. 1-7, Winter (Vol. 8), Love 1-6 (Vol. 9-14), Miscellaneous 1-4 (Vol. 15-18), Separation and Journey (Vol. 19), and Celebration and Sorrow (Vol. 20), and are simplified from the Kokinshu. There is no preface. The popular edition contains 1,426 poems. The long text is written in the third person, and there are 180 pairs of exchange poems, so it is also considered a narrative collection of poems. The number of poets is 220, double that of the Kokinshu, and the top poets are Ki no Tsurayuki (74), Ise (70), Oshikouchin Mitsune and Fujiwara Kanesuke (23), Taifu (16), Fujiwara Tokihira (14), Fujiwara Morosuke (13), Ariwara no Narihira, Fujiwara no Saneyori, Atsutada, and Mibu no Tadamine (10). In addition to poets from the Kokinshu period, this anthology also contains many amateur poets, such as powerful poets of the time and women. There are no poems by the editor. The characteristics of this division, description, and class of authors are due to the fact that the main material for the anthology is everyday poetry (everyday poetry) centered on the love of aristocrats, and the editor's attitude of showing interest in human relationships. Therefore, although typical and clichéd expressions that rely on existing expressions are prominent, there are also many emotional and tasteful songs that focus on the heart.

[Juro Sugiya]

"Appreciation of Japanese Classical Literature 7: Kokin Wakashu, Gosen Wakashu, and Shuui Wakashu" by Shoichiro Kubota, Hisashi Sugitani, and Haruo Fujihira (1975, Kadokawa Shoten)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

『古今(こきん)和歌集』に次ぐ第二の勅撰和歌集。略称「後撰集」。951年（天暦5）、村上(むらかみ)天皇の命により昭陽舎（梨壺(なしつぼ)）に撰和歌所が設けられ、別当に藤原伊尹(これただ)、寄人(よりうど)に大中臣能宣(おおなかとみのよしのぶ)、清原元輔(きよはらのもとすけ)、源順(したごう)、紀時文(きのときぶみ)、坂上望城(さかのうえのもちき)のいわゆる「梨壺の五人」が任ぜられて、『万葉集』の読解と勅撰和歌集の撰集とが行われた。後者の結果できたのが本集である。成立年代は未詳で、藤原清輔（袋草紙(ふくろぞうし)）以来未定稿説も有力に行われてきている。部立(ぶだて)は、春上中下（巻1～3）、夏（巻4）、秋上中下（巻5～7）、冬（巻8）、恋1～6（巻9～14）、雑1～4（巻15～18）、離別・羇旅(きりょ)（巻19）、慶賀・哀傷（巻20）で、『古今集』より簡素化されている。序文はない。歌数は流布本で1426首。詞書(ことばがき)が長く三人称表記であり、贈答歌が180組と多いので、物語的歌集ともされる。作者は220人で『古今集』より倍増し、上位入集(にっしゅう)者は紀貫之(きのつらゆき)74、伊勢(いせ)70、凡河内躬恒(おおしこうちのみつね)・藤原兼輔(かねすけ)23、大輔(たいふ)16、藤原時平(ときひら)14、藤原師輔(もろすけ)13、在原業平(ありわらのなりひら)・藤原実頼(さねより)・敦忠(あつただ)・壬生忠岑(みぶのただみね)10首、古今歌人のほか、当代権門、女性など素人歌人の多い歌集である。撰者詠はない。この部立、詞書、作者層の特色は、貴族の恋を中心とする日常生活歌（褻(け)の歌）をおもな撰集素材とし、人間関係に興味を示した撰集態度によるものである。したがって、既成の表現に寄りかかった類型的、常套(じょうとう)的表現が目だつが、「心」中心の情趣的で滋味ある歌も多い。

［杉谷寿郎］

『窪田章一郎・杉谷寿郎・藤平春男著『鑑賞日本古典文学7　古今和歌集・後撰和歌集・拾遺和歌集』（1975・角川書店）』

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