Gu Kaizhi (English spelling)

Japanese: 顧愷之 - こがいし（英語表記）Gu Kaizhi

Born: circa 344. Jiangsu, Wuxi
[Died] circa 406 A Chinese painter from the Eastern Jin Dynasty (→ Jin). Along with Wu Daozi, he is one of the two great figures in the history of Chinese painting. A native of Wuxi (Jiangsu Province). His pen name was Changkang. He was also called Gu Hutou because he was the head general of the Tiger's Head. He was a man of many talents, and was known as the Three Perfections for his talent, his painting, and his eccentricity, and there are many anecdotes about him. In the second year of Xingning (364), he painted a portrait of Vimalakirti for the northern hall of the Tiguan Temple in Jiankang (Nanjing). He became a military attendant for the Grand Sima Huan Wen, and traveled to Jiangling and Jingchu. In his later years, he returned to Jiankang, and in the first year of Yixi (405), he was appointed as a Sanqi Changshi, but he died at the age of 62. He was the first person to take the beauty of lines, an essential element of Chinese painting, to the limit, and in later generations, his work was called Gaogu Yusi-ga-i-e and had a strong influence. He excelled in Taoist and Buddhist paintings, but also produced what could be called immortal landscape and figure paintings, based on the popularity of Taoist thought during the Six Dynasties period. Although the originals no longer exist, works that give a glimpse of his handwriting include the Song Dynasty copy of "Lady's Love Scroll" (British Museum) and "Luo Shenfu Scroll" (Freer Gallery of Art). His works include "Collection of Gu Kaizhi's Writings" and "Record of Enlightenment," and three of his works, "Praise of Wei Jin Shengliu Paintings," "Essay on Painting," and "Record of Painting on Mount Yuntai," are included in the "Records of Famous Paintings of All Ages." (→ Chinese Painting)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]344頃. 江蘇，無錫
[没]406頃
中国，東晋（→晋）の画家。呉道子とともに中国絵画史の双璧。無錫（江蘇省）の人。字は長康。虎頭将軍となったため顧虎頭とも呼ばれた。多才で才絶，画絶，癡絶（ちぜつ）をもって三絶と称され，逸話も多い。興寧2（364）年，建康（南京）の瓦官寺北殿に維摩像を描いて名声を得た。大司馬の桓温の参軍となって江陵，荊楚を遊歴。晩年は建康に帰り，義煕1（405）年散騎常侍に任ぜられたが，62歳で没した。中国絵画に必須の描線の美しさによる描写を極限にまで高めた最初の人で，後世それは高古遊糸描と呼ばれ，強い影響を与えた。道釈画を最も得意としたが，六朝時代の神仙思想の流行に基づき，神仙山水人物図ともいうべき画も制作。真筆は現存しないが筆跡をうかがえるものとして，宋代の模本といわれる『女史箴図巻』（大英博物館），『洛神賦図巻』（フリーア美術館）などがある。著書に『顧愷之文集』『啓蒙記』があり，『魏晋勝流画賛』『論画』『画雲台山記』の 3編が『歴代名画記』に収められている。（→中国絵画）

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