A document that defines the basic position, goals, methods of achieving them, basic policies, immediate demands, and organization of a mass organization or political organization, especially a political party. Platforms are generally not specific in order to show the greatest common denominator of agreement among the organization and to gain as much support as possible. Also, because it is necessary to clearly state the reason for the organization's existence and impress the general public, a concise and clear document is preferred. In particular, conservative party platforms tend to end up being a list of abstract items. In contrast, reformist party platforms often have detailed descriptions of the strategy and tactics of the movement, and communist parties in particular strictly prescribe a maximum platform that shows the ultimate goal, a minimum platform that shows the step-by-step goals of the process, and a platform of action that shows immediate demands. On the one hand, platforms reflect public opinion, but on the other hand, they also serve as an element in actively shaping public opinion. Well-known examples include the Gotha Platform of the German Socialist Workers' Party of 1875, the Erfurt Platform of the German Social Democratic Party of 1891, and the Bad Godesberg Platform of 1959. [Jin Igarashi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
大衆団体や政治団体、とくに政党の基本的立場や目標、実現の方法、基本政策、当面の要求、組織などを定めた文書。綱領は一般に結社の最大公約数的一致点を示し、できるだけ多数の支持を獲得するため、具体的でないものが多い。また、結社の存在理由を明示し、一般大衆に印象づける必要性から、簡潔明瞭(めいりょう)なものが好まれる。とくに、保守党の綱領は抽象的な項目の列挙に終わる傾向が強い。これに比べて、革新政党の綱領は運動の戦略・戦術まで詳しく展開したものが多く、とりわけ共産主義政党は、終極目標を示す最大限綱領、その過程の段階的目標を示す最小限綱領、当面の要求を示す行動綱領を厳密に規定している。綱領は、一面では世論を反映するとともに、他面では積極的に世論を形成する要素ともなる。1875年ドイツ社会主義労働者党のゴータ綱領、1891年ドイツ社会民主党のエルフルト綱領、1959年のバート・ゴーデスベルク綱領などがよく知られている。 [五十嵐仁] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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