It refers to someone who carries luggage. Currently, it mainly refers to someone who carries the luggage of mountaineers and guides them along the way. However, in earlier times, it seems to have referred to someone who accompanied Shugenja (mountain monks) when they traveled around the country and carried their luggage. After the Kamakura period, people called rikisha (strong people) appeared, who were people who did heavy physical labor. There were many types of rikisha, and they came to be distinguished by the character "- strength". For example, people who deliver letters to long distances are called "kyakuriki" (leg strength). It is believed that "kyoryoku" was one of these words. However, "kyo" seems to be a phonetic character, and there is also a theory that the character "go" was once used. The nature of the work required not only strength but also reliability, so the name was probably not simply based on appearance. The recent term "kyoryoku" is not directly related to this, but is said to have come from the group of bokka (porters) who were carriers who carried people on their backs in the mountainous areas of the central part of Japan. [Kanji Kurumizawa] "Noh and Strongmen" (included in The Definitive Collection of Yanagita Kunio 7, 1962, Chikuma Shobo) "History of the Meiji and Taisho Periods: Social Conditions" (included in The Definitive Collection of Yanagita Kunio 24, 1963, Chikuma Shobo) [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
荷物を負って運搬する者のことをいう。現在はもっぱら、登山者の荷物を運びながら道案内をする者をさしている。しかし、より古い時代には、修験者(しゅげんじゃ)が各地を回る際、その供をして荷物を担いでいく者のことをいったらしい。鎌倉期以降、力者(りきしゃ)とよばれる人々が出てくるが、これは力仕事を業とするものである。その種類は非常に多く、「~力」として区別するようになっていった。たとえば、遠くへ手紙を届ける者は「脚力(きゃくりき)」と称している。「強力」もその一つとして生み出されたことばと推定されている。ただし、「強」は当て字のようで、かつては「合」の字があてられたとする説もある。仕事の性格上、単に力が強いというだけでなく、信頼感が要請されたから、その命名も外見だけの単純なものではなかったろう。なお、近年の強力はこれと直線的に連なるものではなく、中部山岳地帯の背負い運搬業者である歩荷(ぼっか)の仲間から出たものといわれている。 [胡桃沢勘司] 『「能と力者」(『定本柳田国男集7』所収・1962・筑摩書房)』▽『「明治大正史・世相篇」(『定本柳田国男集24』所収・1963・筑摩書房)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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