It refers to rivers, seas, lakes, marshes, and other water bodies or bodies of water used for public purposes that are owned by the state (Public Water Surface Reclamation Act, Article 1, Paragraph 1). The state has the right to manage them, and can grant a license to fill public water surfaces to applicants under the Public Water Surface Reclamation Act. When the person doing the reclaiming work completes the work and receives approval for completion, they acquire land ownership of the reclaimed land. Until approval for completion is received, even if the land is in reality land, it is legally considered to be public water surfaces. However, even before approval for completion, a right to claim removal of interference equivalent to ownership is recognized. There is a dispute as to whether the land on the sea surface before reclamation is subject to the ownership of the state or merely remains the subject of public law control. Article 1 of the Public Water Surface Reclamation Act assumes the former position, but the Real Estate Registration Act assumes the latter position and does not allow the registration of the sea surface. However, the prevailing academic theory and precedents hold that private ownership remains in the case of areas that have naturally submerged in the sea as an exception. [Yasuhito Abe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
河川、海、湖沼その他の公共の用に供する水流または水面で国の所有に属するものをいう(公有水面埋立法1条1項)。国がその管理権を有し、公有水面埋立法に基づき出願人に対し公有水面埋立免許を与えることができる。埋立人は埋立工事を完成して竣功(しゅんこう)認可を得ると、埋立地の土地所有権を取得する。竣功認可があるまでは、現実には陸地となっていても、法律的には公有水面と解されている。ただし、竣功認可前でも所有権に準じた妨害排除請求権が認められる。 埋め立てられる前の海面の地盤が国の所有権の対象となるか、単なる公法上の支配権の対象にとどまるかについては争いがある。公有水面埋立法第1条は前者の立場を前提としているが、不動産登記法は後者の立場を前提として、海面の登記は認めていない。ただし、例外として自然海没地などについては私所有権が残っているとの学説判例が優勢である。 [阿部泰隆] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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