A general term for the reactions that humans and animals show to internal and external stimuli. Depending on the observation coordinates and measurement scale, behavior can be seen as, for example, changes in chemical substances or muscle reflexes within the body, or as a holistic or purposeful reaction of the body. The former is called molecular or microscopic behavior, and the latter holistic or macroscopic behavior, but this distinction is, of course, only relative. In recent psychology that focuses on behavior, the behaviors dealt with are not necessarily limited to physical behaviors that can be observed from the outside, but also include mental behaviors such as those involved in thinking and cognitive processes. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
人間や動物が内的外的刺激に対して示す反応の総称。行動は観察座標や測定尺度の取り方いかんによって,たとえば生体内の化学物質の変化や筋反射としてとらえることもできるし,また生体の示す全体的な,あるいは目的的反応としてとらえることもできる。前者を分子的,微視的行動,後者を全体的,巨視的行動というが,この区別はもとより相対的なものにすぎない。行動を対象とする最近の心理学では,取扱われる行動は必ずしも外部から観察可能な身体的行動にのみ限られず,思考や認知の過程などにおける精神的行動をも含む。
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