Phrenology

…In 1807, he moved to Paris and published his major work, Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System, with Special Reference to the Brain (1810-19), in collaboration with anatomist Johann Christian Spurzheim (1776-1832). Spurzheim promoted his work as "Phrenologie," a method of determining whether a person was good or bad, wise or foolish, based on the bones of the skull. This attracted the attention of the general public, and societies were established throughout Europe and the United States. The academic community was divided on the matter, but after Gall's death, "phrenology" was dulled by his disciples, leading to Gall himself being stigmatized and his achievements in the field of the brain and nerves being underestimated. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Phrenologie" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…07年パリに移り，解剖学者シュプルツハイムJohann Christian Spurzheim(1776‐1832)と連名で主著《神経系，とくに脳の解剖学と生理学》(1810‐19)を刊行した。シュプルツハイムは頭蓋の骨相によって人の善悪･賢愚を判定できる〈骨相学Phrenologie〉と銘打って宣伝，一般大衆の注目を浴び，欧米各地に協会が設立された。学界も賛否両論に分かれたが，ガルの死後〈骨相学〉は弟子により愚劣化したため，ガル本人まで汚名を着せられ，脳神経に関する業績も過小評価されるに至った。…

※「Phrenologie」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報