Huang Zongxi - Kosogi

A Chinese thinker and scholar in the early Qing dynasty. His pen name was Taichong, and his pen names were Nanlei and Lizhou. He was from Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province. He was born as the son of a Donglin faction official. In his youth, he threw himself into political movements to restore the honor of his father who had been killed in battle, and is said to have organized a volunteer army to resist when the Qing army advanced south, and to have arrived in Nagasaki seeking reinforcements. After the Qing dynasty was established, he devoted himself to writing, leaving behind such masterpieces as "Records of the Ming Yi's Waiting," "Ming Confucian Academic Plans," and "Discourse on the Study of the Yixue and Symbols of Numerology." Through his teacher Liu Zongzhou, he inherited the moderate aspects of Yangmingism, criticized the cross-currents of idealistic Shingaku, and established a positive academic style aiming to govern the country and benefit the people. He is counted among the three great thinkers of the early Qing Dynasty along with Gu Yanwu and Wang Fuzhi. He was particularly skilled in history and was revered as the founder of Eastern Zhejiang history. He is also known as the "Chinese Rousseau" because his "Records of the Ming Yi Taibo Lu" played an important role in enlightening people during the Reform Movement at the end of the Qing Dynasty.

[Koji Sano March 18, 2016]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)代初期の思想家、学者。字(あざな)は太沖(たいちゅう)、号は南雷、梨洲(りしゅう)。浙江(せっこう)省余姚(よよう)県の人。東林派官僚の子として生まれる。若いころ、殉難した父の名誉回復を求めて政治運動に投じ、清軍南下に際しては義勇軍を組織して抵抗し、援軍を求めて長崎に来航したともいわれる。清朝体制確立ののち著述に専念し、『明夷(めいい)待訪録』『明儒(みんじゅ)学案』『易学象数(しょうすう)論』などの名著を残した。思想はその師劉宗周(りゅうそうしゅう)を通じて陽明学の穏健な側面を継承し、観念論的な心学の横流を批判して、経世済民を志向する実証的学風を樹立した。顧炎武(こえんぶ)、王夫之(おうふうし)とともに清初の三大思想家に数えられ、とくに史学に長じて浙東(せっとう)史学の祖と仰がれた。清末の変法運動に際して『明夷待訪録』が啓蒙(けいもう)に一役買ったことから、「中国のルソー」という異名もある。

［佐野公治　2016年3月18日］

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