Rock mechanics - Ganbanrikigaku

Japanese: 岩盤力学 - がんばんりきがく
Rock mechanics - Ganbanrikigaku

A general term for the study of the mechanical properties of rocks and rock masses, such as their material properties, deformation in stress fields, and fracture behavior, as well as their applications. It is one of the relatively new academic fields that was born out of the needs of mining and civil engineers in the field. Similar terms include rock mechanics and rock mechanics. Generally, these are treated as synonyms, but if we had to choose, rock mechanics refers to a broader range of research, from the deformation mechanisms of mineral crystals under high temperature and pressure, triaxial compression tests of rocks, and stability analysis of cavities in rock masses such as tunnels, to problems with crustal movement, while rock mechanics can be distinguished as engineering research that focuses on applications in the field.

Rock masses are composed of rocks with different properties, such as hard rocks and soft rocks. In addition, geological discontinuities such as faults, folds, joints, and cracks exist as a result of crustal movements. When digging tunnels into such rock masses, phenomena occur that cannot be predicted with knowledge gained simply from rock test specimens. The mission of rock mechanics is to predict these phenomena, take measures to prevent them, and find safe and economical design standards for tunnels and rock structures. Thanks to advances in on-site measurement technology, computer-based numerical analysis technology, and developments in geological engineering, rock mechanics has made remarkable progress, and its range of application is expanding from mining and civil engineering to geophysics, seismology, and even to the fields of underground oil and natural gas storage and geothermal development.

[Kinoshita Shigenori]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

岩石、岩盤の材料学的性質、応力場における変形、破壊挙動などの力学的特性とその応用について研究する学問の総称。鉱山および土木技術者の現場における必要性から生まれた比較的新しい学問分野の一つである。同類のことばに岩石力学あるいは岩の力学がある。一般的には、これらは同義語として扱われているが、しいていえば岩石力学は、高温・高圧下における鉱物結晶の変形機構、岩石の三軸圧縮試験、トンネルなどの岩盤内空洞の安定解析から地殻運動の問題まで、より広い研究を意味するのに対して、岩盤力学は、現場における応用を主体とした工学的研究を意味するものとして区別できる。

 岩盤は堅固な岩石や軟弱な岩石など性質の異なる岩石で構成されている。また地殻変動を受けて断層、褶曲(しゅうきょく)、節理、亀裂(きれつ)など地質的不連続面が存在する。このような岩盤内に坑道を掘るときは、単に岩石試験片から得た知識では予想のできない現象がおこる。岩盤力学はこれらの現象を予知し、対策を講ずるとともに、安全かつ経済的な坑道および岩盤構造物の設計基準をみいだすことを使命としている。現場計測技術、コンピュータによる数値解析技術の進歩および地質工学の発展により岩盤力学は目覚ましい進歩を遂げ、その応用範囲は鉱山、土木をはじめ、地球物理、地震学、ひいては石油・天然ガスの地下備蓄、地熱開発の分野にまで広がりつつある。

[木下重教]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Price on deck - Kanpan Watashi Nidan

>>:  Rock Mass - I'll do my best

Recommend

Iwakura Tomomi

A politician from the end of the Edo period to th...

Hiroaki Kitano

…However, it has been pointed out that these meth...

Cape Motata

A cape jutting out into the Sea of ​​Japan on the...

Islamabad (Bangladesh) - Islamabad

…It is close to the mouth of the Meghna River and...

Kimono fabric - kijaku

This refers to Japanese fabric for tailoring into...

Aerosol

Also called an aerosol or aerosol. A type of disp...

Welsh Mountains - Wales Mountains

...(5) Midland Highlands: A hilly region eroded b...

David

A Flemish painter. After Memling's death in 14...

Multiplex communication

The simultaneous transmission of multiple signals...

Ibacus incisus (English spelling)

… [Takeda Masatomo]. … *Some of the terminology t...

Aquavit - Aquavit (English spelling)

A spirit with an alcohol content of 40-45% produc...

Ocean observation tower

...The following is an introduction to the ocean ...

Jongleur (English spelling)

A general term for entertainers in medieval France...

Aguascalientes Conference - Aguascalientes Conference

In the plan, Zapata announced his break with Pres...

Fellow traveller

…It is an abbreviation of the English word sympat...