Alluvial plateau - Kosekidaichi

Japanese: 洪積台地 - こうせきだいち
Alluvial plateau - Kosekidaichi

It refers to a flat landform composed of the Pleistocene (a layer of rock containing volcanic deposits formed during the Pleistocene epoch of the Cenozoic era) or covered by the Pleistocene surface and located at a higher elevation than the Holocene topography. In Japan, raised alluvial fans, deltas, and coastal plains are often called alluvial plateaus. Some well-known examples include the Joso, Musashino, Sagamihara, and Nasunohara plateaus in the Kanto region, the Konsen plateau (Hokkaido), the Sanbongihara plateau (Aomori), the Makinohara, Iwatahara, Mikatahara, Takashihara, Kakamigahara, and Tenpaku plateaus in the Tokai region, and the Shirasu plateau (Kyushu). However, in other countries, the definition of a plateau means a wide area of ​​flat land surface at a high altitude, and the constituent rocks and strata were formed before the Tertiary Period of the Cenozoic Era. Examples include the Mato Grosso (Brazil), Allegheny (United States), Laurentia (Canada), Ahaggar (Algeria), and Central Siberia (Russia).

Now that the terms Pleistocene and Alluvial Epochs, which were once used in the Cenozoic era, have been replaced by Pleistocene and Holocene, it is desirable to reexamine the terminology unique to Japan for alluvial plateaus, from the perspective of international use and education.

[Takuma Arii]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

更新統(新生代更新世に形成された、火山堆積(たいせき)物を含む地層)で構成されているか、あるいは、更新統の表層で覆われ完新統からなる地形面よりも高位置にある平坦(へいたん)状地形をいう。日本では隆起した扇状地、三角州、海岸平野などを洪積台地とよぶ場合が多い。関東地方の常総(じょうそう)、武蔵野(むさしの)、相模野(さがみの)(相模原)、那須(なす)野原の諸台地、根釧(こんせん)台地(北海道)、三本木原台地(青森県)、東海地方の牧ノ原、盤田(いわた)原、三方(みかた)原、高師(たかし)原、各務(かかみ)ヶ原、天伯(てんぱく)などの諸台地、シラス台地(九州)などが知られている。しかし諸外国における台地の定義は、高い標高にある平坦状の地表面が広範囲に広がっている地形を意味し、その構成岩石や地層も新生代第三紀以前に形成されている。マト・グロッソ(ブラジル)、アレゲニ(アメリカ)、ローレンシア(カナダ)、アハガル(アルジェリア)、中央シベリア(ロシア)などの諸台地はその例である。

 かつて使用されていた新生代の洪積世、沖積世の呼称が更新世、完新世にとってかえられた現在、この用語の国際的使用、教育上の視点から、日本独特の洪積台地の用語の再検討が望まれる。

[有井琢磨]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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