A settlement that emerged as a result of the development of mineral resources. Useful mineral resources are often buried in mountainous areas, and can be found at fairly high altitudes. In Japan, for example, Ashio, Besshi, and Hitachi, which have declined after mines were closed, and overseas, Denver in the United States, Potosi in Bolivia, and Johannesburg in South Africa are good examples. The establishment and development of mining settlements is often influenced by the amount of useful minerals buried in the area and the level of social demand, and many once-thriving mining settlements have declined due to a decrease in underground resources and the emergence of substitutes. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
鉱物資源の開発によって発生した集落。有用鉱物資源は山地に埋蔵されていることが多く,かなり高い場所にみられることもある。たとえば日本では,閉山されて衰退したが,かつての足尾,別子,日立など,外国ではアメリカのデンバー,ボリビアのポトシ,南アフリカ共和国のヨハネスブルクなどが好例。鉱山集落の成立と発展は,その地域に埋蔵される有用鉱物の多少や社会的需要度などによって左右されることが多く,また地下資源の減少や代替品の登場でかつて栄えた鉱山集落が衰退したところも多い。
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