A tectonic basin located at the southern foot of the western end of the Tian Shan Mountains in Central Asia. Most of it is included in the Republic of Uzbekistan, with parts belonging to the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Tajikistan. The upper reaches of the Syr Darya River, which flows into the Aral Sea, run through the Fergana Basin and then to the west. The basin covers an area of approximately 22,000 square kilometers. The central part was once barren desert or steppe land, but as a result of the Great Fergana Canal, which was completed in 1939, the area of cultivated land has expanded, and cotton, mulberry, grapes, and other crops are now cultivated. [Masaharu Tsuzawa] historyFrom several centuries before Christ, the agricultural culture of the Iranian inhabitants developed here, and the area is known as a famous grape-producing region. When Zhang Qian (Zhang Qian) traveled to Central Asia in the 2nd century before Christ under the orders of Emperor Wu of Han, he reported this region as the country of Dayuan (the meaning of the word Dayuan is unclear). During the Tang Dynasty in China, the area was known as Hakkahan and Fergana. From around the 10th century, the area was ruled by the Turks, then Islamized, and became the territory of the Mongol Empire, the Timurid Dynasty, and the Bukhara Khanate. In the early 18th century, the Kokand Khanate became independent, centered on the city of Kokand here, and the new cities of Osh, Andijan, Margilan (present-day Fergana), and Namangan emerged, commerce flourished, and the area subsequently became part of Russia and the Soviet Union, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the area became part of each of the current republics. [Toru Saguchi] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中央アジア、天山山脈西端南麓(なんろく)にある構造盆地。大部分がウズベキスタン共和国に含まれ、一部はキルギス共和国とタジキスタン共和国に属する。アラル海に注ぐシルダリヤの上流がフェルガナ盆地を貫いて西へ流れる。盆地の面積は約2万2000平方キロメートル。中央部は砂漠ないしステップの荒れ地であったが、1939年に完成した大フェルガナ運河による導水の結果、農耕地面積が拡大し、ワタ、クワ、ブドウなどが作付けされている。 [津沢正晴] 歴史紀元前数世紀より、イラン系住民による農耕文化が発達し、ブドウの名産地として知られる。前2世紀に漢の武帝の命令を受けた張騫(ちょうけん)が中央アジアに旅行した際、大宛(だいえん)国として伝えたのはこのフェルガナ地方である(大宛の語義は明確ではない)。中国唐代に鏺汗(はつかん)、抜汗那(フェルガナ)として知られた。10世紀ごろよりトルコ人に支配され、ついでイスラム化し、モンゴル帝国、ティームール朝、ブハラ・ハン国の領地となった。18世紀初頭、この地のコーカンド市を中心にコーカンド・ハン国が独立、オシュ、アンディジャン、マルギラン(現在のフェルガナ市)、ナマンガンの新興都市が勃興(ぼっこう)し、商業が栄え、ついでロシア、ソ連領となり、ソ連崩壊後は現在の各共和国に属するようになった。 [佐口 透] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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