Saccharimeter - kentoukei (English spelling) saccharimeter

Japanese: 検糖計 - けんとうけい(英語表記)saccharimeter
Saccharimeter - kentoukei (English spelling) saccharimeter

A type of polarimeter, a device designed to make it easy to read the sugar concentration in sugar analysis. It is also called a saccharimeter or sugar meter. The principle is the same as that of a normal polarimeter; polarized light is irradiated onto an optically active substance, and the analyzer is rotated to determine the specific rotation of the substance from the angle of rotation; when the temperature is constant, the angle of rotation is proportional to the concentration of the sample solution, so the sugar concentration can be calculated. Sugars are optically active substances, and each sugar has its own unique value of optical rotation under certain conditions. Specific optical rotation [α] is expressed as the angle of rotation of the polarized light plane that light undergoes when it passes through a solution of a certain sugar when the D line of sodium is used as a light source; at a temperature of 20°C, it is

where a is the angle of rotation, l is the length of the solution layer in 10 centimeters, and w is the number of grams of sugar in v milliliters of solution.

Polarimeters have been researched and developed for a long time, and saccharometers include the simplest, the Mitscherlich saccharometer, followed by improved versions such as the Soleil saccharometer, Laurent penumbra saccharometer, and Liebig saccharometer.

[Takada Takeo]

Soleil Saccharometer Configuration
©Shogakukan ">

Soleil Saccharometer Configuration


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

旋光計の一種で、糖類の分析において糖の濃度が簡単に読み取れるようにくふうされた装置。サッカリメーター、糖量計ともいう。原理は普通の旋光計と同じで、偏光した光を光学活性物質に照射し、検光子を回転してその回転角でその物質の比旋光度がわかり、温度が一定の場合には回転角が試料溶液の濃度に比例することから糖の濃度を求める。糖類は光学活性物質であり、それぞれの糖は一定の条件下では、固有の旋光値をもっている。比旋光度[α]は、光源としてナトリウムのD線を用いたとき、その光がある糖の溶液を通過するときに受ける偏光面の回転角で表し、温度20℃では

となる。ここでaは回転角、lは10センチメートルで表した溶液層の長さ、wは溶液vミリリットル中の糖のグラム数である。

 旋光計は古くから研究、開発されており、検糖計も、もっとも簡単なミッチェルリヒの検糖計をはじめ、その後ソレイユ検糖計、ローラン半影検糖計、リービヒ検糖計などの改良型が出てきた。

[高田健夫]

ソレイユ検糖計の構成
©Shogakukan">

ソレイユ検糖計の構成


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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