These clay tablets were discovered in 1887 in an archive located on the east side of the ruins of the royal palace of Akhet-Aten (Horizon of Aten, today's Tell el-Amarna), the capital of the 18th Dynasty Pharaoh Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten), about 312 km south of Cairo, Egypt. The approximately 370 clay tablets were written in Babylonian (Akkadian), the international language of the time. They are letters sent from the kings of Hittite, Mitanni, Assyria, and Babylonia, as well as the kings of small countries that were subordinate to Egypt, such as Syria, Palestine, and Cyprus, during the reign of Amenhotep III and IV from the early to mid-14th century BC, and are considered to be the oldest diplomatic documents in the world. Among the documents are those which state that the Hittites, who had gained complete control over Asia Minor, were threatening the Egyptian sphere of influence in Syria and Palestine. These documents are important for understanding the international political situation at the time and cultural exchanges with Asia Minor, Mitanni, and other regions. [Yoshihiro Omura] Assyrian King Ashur-uballit I probably presented this to Egyptian King Amenhotep IV. New Kingdom period (c. 1353-1336 BC) Clay 7.7 x 5.5 cm Excavated at Tell el-Amarna, Egypt . Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art . Amarna Texts Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
エジプト、カイロの南約312キロメートルにある、第18王朝のアメンヘテプ4世(イクナートン)の都アケト・アテン(アテンの地平線。今日のテル・エル・アマルナ)の王宮跡で、東側に位置する文書庫から1887年に発見された粘土板文書。約370枚出土した粘土板文書は、当時の国際語であるバビロニア語(アッカド語)で書かれていた。紀元前14世紀初頭から中葉にかけて、アメンヘテプ3世、4世の時代に、ヒッタイト、ミタンニ、アッシリア、バビロニアの諸国王、またシリア、パレスチナ、キプロスなどエジプトと従属関係にあった小国の諸王から送付されてきた書簡であり、世界最古の外交文書とされている。文書のなかには、小アジアを完全に掌握したヒッタイトが、シリア、パレスチナのエジプトの勢力圏を脅かしていることなどを記したものがあり、当時の国際政治情勢や、小アジア、ミタンニなどとの文化交流を知るうえで重要である。 [大村幸弘] アッシリア王アッシュール・ウバリト1世が、おそらくエジプト王アメンヘテプ4世にあてたもの。新王国時代(紀元前1353~前1336年ころ) 粘土 7.7×5.5cm エジプト テル・エル・アマルナ出土メトロポリタン美術館所蔵"> アマルナ文書 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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