Philosopher's Stone

Japanese: 賢者の石 - けんじゃのいし
Philosopher's Stone

The most important fantasy product in alchemy. It was called lithos tēs philosophias in Greek and was probably invented around the 1st century. Since then, in alchemy, it was considered to be the best agent and elixir for making precious metals (gold and silver) from base metals (copper, iron, lead, tin). It was also said to cure all diseases and prolong life. Descriptions of the stone vary among scholars, with some describing it as hard and dark red, some as poppy-like, some as garnet-like, and some as brilliant yellow. The method of making and the effects of the Philosopher's Stone are not based on experiments and have no technical value. It was merely the product of the speculations of fraudulent alchemists. Other names such as elixir and the fifth element were used to describe things that had the same effects as this stone.

[Hirata Hiroshi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

錬金術においてもっとも重要な役割を演じた空想的産物。ギリシア語でlithos tēs philosophiasといい、たぶん1世紀ごろに考え出された。以後、錬金術作業では卑金属(銅・鉄・鉛・錫(すず))から貴金属(金・銀)をつくる際の最高の動因であり霊薬であるとされた。またこの石はすべての病気を治し、長命を保つとされた。この石についての記述は、固くて暗赤色、ケシの花のような色、ざくろ石のような色、光り輝く黄色など、学者によってまちまちである。賢者の石の製造法や作用に関しては、実験に基づくものではなく、技術的な価値もない。単なる詐欺師的な錬金術師たちの思索の産物にすぎない。なお、この石と同じ働きをするものとして、エリキサ、第五元素などの名称も使われた。

[平田 寛]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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