Protoplasmic streaming - protoplasmic streaming

Japanese: 原形質流動 - げんけいしつりゅうどう
Protoplasmic streaming - protoplasmic streaming

A type of cell movement, in which the protoplasm moves like a flow. It is often observed in plant cells, especially in charophytes, but it occurs in most cells, including animal cells, and can sometimes be accompanied by deformation of the cell's external shape. In cases such as amoeboid movement, it plays an important role in the mechanism of the movement. There are many types of flow, including rotational flow, circulatory flow, turbulent flow, and reciprocating flow. The flow speed in normal plant cells is on the order of a few micrometers to a few tens of micrometers per second, but there are some such as slime molds that can exceed 1 millimeter per second. There have long been various theories about the driving force behind protoplasmic streaming, but the most popular theory in recent years is that it is due to the sliding force generated at the sol-gel interface. This theory states that actin filaments are arranged on the surface of the gel around the cell and the mesh-like gel inside, and that the myosin fibers in the sol slide across this surface, causing the sol to flow. This mechanism is very similar to the contraction of striated muscle by the sliding between actin and myosin filaments, and it is highly likely that muscle contraction and cytoplasmic streaming/amoeboid movement are the same type of cell movement.

[Hiroshi Ooka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

細胞運動の一種で、細胞内の原形質が流れるように運動する現象をいう。植物細胞、とくに車軸藻類などでよく観察されるが、動物細胞を含めてほとんどの細胞でおこり、細胞の外形の変形を伴う場合もあって、アメーバ運動などの場合にはその運動機構に大きな役割をもつ。流動の形式には回転流動、循環流動、乱流動、往復流動など多くの種類がある。流動速度は普通の植物細胞では1秒間に数マイクロメートル~数十マイクロメートルの程度であるが、粘菌のように秒速1ミリメートルを超えるものもある。原形質流動の原動力については昔からいろいろの説が出されてきたが、最近ではゾル‐ゲル界面に発生する滑り力によるとする説が有力である。この説は、細胞周辺部のゲルや、内部にある網目状のゲルの表面にはアクチンのフィラメントが配列されており、この表面をゾル中のミオシン繊維が滑ることによってゾルの流動がおこるとするものである。この機構は横紋筋がアクチン・ミオシン繊維の間の滑りによって収縮することとよく似ており、筋収縮と原形質流動・アメーバ運動は同じ種類の細胞運動である可能性が強い。

[大岡 宏]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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