Consider the utility obtained from consuming or possessing various goods, and the increase in utility possible by consuming or possessing just one more unit of a good is called marginal utility. Let's think about how to spend a certain amount of income on purchasing various goods. For example, if the increase in utility from increasing spending on rice by another 1,000 yen is greater than the decrease in utility from decreasing spending on coffee by 1,000 yen, then you should reduce spending on coffee and increase spending on rice. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
さまざまな財を消費ないし保有することから得られる効用を考え,ある財をもう1単位だけよけいに消費ないし保有することにより可能になる効用の増加を〈限界効用marginal utility〉と呼ぶ。一定の所得をさまざまな財の購入にどのように支出すればよいかを考えよう。たとえば,米への支出をもう1000円だけ増やした場合の効用の増加がコーヒーへの支出を1000円だけ減少させたときの効用の減少より大きければ,コーヒーへの支出を減らして米への支出を増加すべきである。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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