Körner, Theodor

Japanese: ケルナー（英語表記）Körner, Theodor

Born: April 24, 1873, Komárno, Hungary
[died] January 4, 1957. Vienna, Austria. Austrian army officer and politician. President of the Second Republic of Austria (in office 1951-57). Served as a colonel in the Austro-Hungarian army during World War I. In 1915 he became chief of staff and fought against an Italian attack. After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in November 1918, he was appointed inspector general of the army of the new First Republic of Austria, but retired two years later. He joined the Austrian Social Democratic Party and served as a member of the Austrian Bundestag (upper house) representing Vienna from 1925 to 1934. In the early 1930s, as Austrian politics increasingly shifted to the right, Kellner was a military adviser to the Social Democratic armed self-defense organization, the Schutzbund (Republican Defence League), and consistently opposed violent acts. However, when the Christian Social Party came to power in February 1934, he was imprisoned for his activities. After the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in March 1938, he refused to be associated with the Nazi regime. After the end of World War II, he was appointed mayor of Vienna by the Soviet occupation authorities. In May 1951, he was elected president of the Second Austrian Republic, but died in office.

Körner
Körner, Wilhelm

Born: 1839 in Cassel
Died in 1925. German organic chemist. After studying under F. Kekulé at the University of Ghent in Belgium and serving as his assistant, he became professor of chemistry at the University of Bonn (1867) and professor of organic chemistry at the University of Milan (1970). He is known for his pioneering research on aromatic compounds, and succeeded in synthesizing 126 aromatic compounds, including pyrazine (69) and asparagine (87).

Körner
Körner, Karl Theodor

Born: September 23, 1791 in Dresden
[Died] August 26, 1813. German poet from near Gadebusch. He established his literary fame with the play Zriny (1812). He was active as a patriotic poet in the War of Liberation against Napoleon, and died in battle while joining the volunteer army. His posthumous collection of poems Leyer und Schwert (14), compiled by his father, was enthusiastically received.

Körner
Kerner, Justinus Andreas Christian

Born: September 18, 1786 in Ludwigsburg
Weinsberg, German poet and mystic. A Swabian romantic poet, he wrote many lyrical poems in the style of folk songs, but he gradually developed a tendency towards mysticism and believed in spiritual powers and spirit communication, and wrote works on these subjects.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1873.4.24. ハンガリー，コマールノ
[没]1957.1.4. オーストリア，ウィーン
オーストリア陸軍将校，政治家。オーストリア第二共和国大統領（在任 1951～57）。オーストリア＝ハンガリー帝国の軍大佐として第1次世界大戦に参戦。1915年参謀長となり，イタリア軍の攻撃を防いだ。1918年11月のオーストリア＝ハンガリー帝国崩壊後は新生オーストリア第一共和国の陸軍監察長官に任命されたが，2年後に引退。オーストリア社会民主党に加わり，1925～34年ウィーン代表としてオーストリア連邦議会（上院）議員を務めた。1930年代初期，オーストリア政局が右傾化を強めるなか，ケルナーは社会民主党の武装自衛組織，共和国防衛同盟（シュッツブント）の軍事顧問として一貫して暴力的行為に異を唱え続けた。しかし 1934年2月にキリスト教社会党が権力を握ると，それらの活動を理由に投獄された。1938年3月のナチス・ドイツによるオーストリア併合（→アンシュルス）後はナチス政権へのかかわりを拒否。第2次世界大戦終結後，ソビエト連邦の占領軍当局によってウィーン市長に任命された。1951年5月オーストリア第二共和国の大統領に選出され，在任中に死亡した。

ケルナー
Körner， Wilhelm

[生]1839. カッセル
[没]1925. ミラノ
ドイツの有機化学者。ベルギーのヘント大学で F.ケクレのもとに学び，助手をつとめたのち，ボン大学化学教授 (1867) ，ミラノ大学有機化学教授 (70) 。芳香族化合物の先駆的研究で知られ，ピラジン (69) ，アスパラギン (87) をはじめとして 126種の芳香族化合物の合成に成功した。

ケルナー
Körner， Karl Theodor

[生]1791.9.23. ドレスデン
[没]1813.8.26. ガデブシュ近郊
ドイツの詩人。戯曲『ツリニー』 Zriny (1812) により文名を確立。対ナポレオン解放戦争の愛国詩人として活躍し，義勇軍に加わって戦死。死後父親の手によって編纂された詩集『琴と剣』 Leyer und Schwert (14) は，熱狂的に迎えられた。