Cayley, Arthur

Japanese: ケーリー(英語表記)Cayley, Arthur
Cayley, Arthur
Born: August 16, 1821, Richmond
[Died] January 26, 1895. British mathematician. Studied at Trinity College, Cambridge (1839-42). After graduating, he worked at Trinity College on a three-year contract, but after that, because he was unable to find work, he studied at Lincoln Law School in London and became a lawyer (49). In 1850, he met JJ Sylvester, who was also a mathematician and lawyer, and they studied mathematics together. His most famous work is the development of the algebra of matrices, which he linked to n -dimensional geometry. In particular, his idea that projective geometry encompasses all geometries paved the way for F. Klein's Erlangen Catalogue. He also made important contributions in the field of algebraic invariants. He wrote more than 900 papers on mathematics, which are collected in 14 volumes.

Cary
Cayley, Sir George

Born: December 27, 1773, Yorkshire
[Died] December 15, 1857. Yorkshire. British aviation scientist and engineer. He elucidated the principles of fixed-wing flight, and conducted extensive research into the elements necessary for flight, such as wing shape and propulsion systems, and conducted pioneering research into the basic theory of flight technology. For this reason, he is known as the "father of aeronautical science." In 1853, he flew the first manned glider, and in connection with this, he theorized about the effects of movable tails and dihedral angles, and also stressed the importance of streamlining the shapes of each part of an aircraft to reduce resistance. He also devoted himself to education, and in 1839 founded the Regent Street Polytechnic in London. He also invented the caterpillar, and was active in land reclamation and railway-related work.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1821.8.16. リッチモンド
[没]1895.1.26. ケンブリッジ
イギリスの数学者。ケンブリッジ大学のトリニティ・カレッジに学ぶ (1839~42) 。卒業後3年契約でトリニティ・カレッジに勤めたが,その後,職がなかったので,ロンドンのリンカーン法学院に学んで弁護士となる (49) 。 1850年に,彼と同じく数学者にして弁護士の J.J.シルベスターと知合い,共同で数学を研究する。彼の最も有名な業績は,行列の代数を展開したことである。これを彼は n 次元幾何学と結びつけて考えた。特に射影幾何学がすべての幾何学を包含するという考えは,F.クラインのエルランゲン目録への道を開いた。そのほか代数不変式論の分野でも重要な業績を残している。彼の数学の論文は 900編以上に及び,全集 14巻にまとめられている。

ケーリー
Cayley, Sir George

[生]1773.12.27. ヨークシャー
[没]1857.12.15. ヨークシャー
イギリスの航空科学者,技術者。固定翼による飛行の原理を解明し,翼の形や推進装置など飛行に必要な諸要素について広範な研究を行ない,飛行技術の基礎理論に関して先駆的な研究を行なった。このことで「航空科学の父」と呼ばれる。 1853年には初めて人の乗るグライダーを飛ばし,これに関連して可動尾翼や上反角などの効果について理論づけを行ない,また,抵抗を減らすために飛行機の各部の形状を流線形にすることの重要性を説いた。教育にも献身し,1839年ロンドンにリージェント・ストリート工科大学を設立。ほかに無限軌道トラクタの発明,干拓事業,鉄道関係の仕事にも活躍した。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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