Chemnitz (English spelling)

Japanese: ケムニッツ（英語表記）Chemnitz

Formerly known as Karl-Marx-Stadt (1953-90), Karl-Marx-Stadt is a city in the state of Saxony in eastern Germany. It is located about 60 km southwest of Dresden, on the banks of the Chemnitz River at the northern foot of the Erzgebirge. In the 12th century, it was established as a commercial center along the salt transport route to Prague, and obtained city rights in 1143. In 1308, it became the property of the Wettin family, Margraves of Meissen. From the mid-14th century, the linen and cotton textile industry flourished, and in the 17th century, the hosiery industry was established, and in the 19th century, the machinery industry was added, backed by the coalfields of Saxony. In 1800, the first spinning machine in Germany was put into operation, and it was the place where the first sewing machines and locomotives were manufactured. It was heavily damaged during World War II, but was rebuilt, and is now an industrial center occupying a key transportation location, with thriving industries in textiles, automobiles, machinery, and chemicals. In 1952 it was the capital of Chemnitz County, and from 1953 to 1990 it was the capital of Karl-Marxstadt County (formerly East Germany). The Benedictine monastery, founded in 1136, was fortified as a castle in 1540 and is now a museum. Other attractions include the new (1911) and old (1496) town halls, an opera house, and a museum. Population: 243,089 (2010).

Chemnitz
Chemnitz, Bogislaw Philipp von

Born: May 9, 1605 in Stettin, Pomerania
[Died] May 17, 1678.
A German-born Swedish jurist and historian, he served in the Thirty Years' War as a soldier under King Gustav II of Sweden, but later turned to writing, and in his anonymous major work Dissertatio de ratione stataus in Imperio nostoro Romano-Germanico (1640), he defended the German decentralized system. In 1644 he was appointed historian to the Swedish royal family, and produced some excellent historical accounts.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

旧称カルルマルクスシュタット Karl-Marx-Stadt (1953～90) 。ドイツ東部，ザクセン州の都市。ドレスデンの南西約 60km，エルツ山地北麓のケムニッツ川岸に位置する。 12世紀プラハへの塩輸送路に沿う商業中心地として成立，1143年に都市権を獲得。 1308年にマイセン辺境伯ウェッティン家領となる。 14世紀中頃から麻，綿織物業が興り，17世紀にはメリヤス工業が，また 19世紀にはザクセンの炭田を背景に機械工業が加わった。 1800年ドイツ最初の紡績機が稼働し，最初のミシンと機関車の製造地。第2次世界大戦で大きな被害を受けたが復興し，現在は交通の要地を占める工業中心地として織物，自動車，機械，化学などの工業が盛ん。 1952年ケムニッツ県，53～90年カルルマルクスシュタット県 (旧東ドイツ) の県都。 1136年創設のベネディクト会修道院は 1540年城として要塞化され，現在は博物館になっている。ほかに新 (1911) ，旧 (1496) の両市庁舎，歌劇場，博物館などがある。人口 24万3089（2010）。

ケムニッツ
Chemnitz， Bogislaw Philipp von

[生]1605.5.9. ポンメルン，シュテティン
[没]1678.5.17.
ドイツに生れスウェーデンで活躍した国法学者，歴史家。初め軍人としてスウェーデン王グスタフ2世のもとに三十年戦争に参加したが，のち文筆に転じ，『神聖ローマ帝国における国家理性を論ず』 Dissertatio de ratione stataus in Imperio nostoro Romano-Germanico (1640) という匿名の主著で，ドイツの分権体制を擁護した。 1644年にはスウェーデン王室の修史官に任じられ，すぐれた歴史叙述を残した。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Smoke - Smoke

>>: Caterpillar - Hairy caterpillar