Navy Navigation Satellite System

Japanese: Navy Navigation Satellite System(英語表記)NavyNavigationSatelliteSystem
Navy Navigation Satellite System

... Navigation satellites were developed by Johns Hopkins University in the United States and the United States Navy, who noticed that the frequency of radio waves emitted by the Soviet Union's Sputnik 1 fluctuated due to the Doppler effect, and the first navigation satellite, Transit 1B, was launched in 1960. In July 1964, the US military began operation of the Navy Navigation Satellite System (NNSS), and after 1967, parts of the NNSS were opened to civilian use.
[NNSS Structure and Positioning Principles]
The NNSS is made up of satellites that transmit various information necessary for position determination, ground stations that track the satellites and correct the information within the satellites, and receiving stations (ships, aircraft, etc.) that receive signals from the satellites and determine the receiving position.

From [Navigation]

...Position is determined by measuring the phase difference of radio waves from two pairs of master and slave stations, determining two hyperbolic curves corresponding to that phase difference for each pair of master and slave stations, and finding the intersection of these two curves. NNSS (short for Navy Navigation Satellite System), one of the satellite navigation methods, calculates the distance difference between the satellite position and the receiving position (mobile position) at a fixed time interval by counting the Doppler frequency of radio waves from the satellite. Although the method of calculating the distance difference differs, the hyperboloid obtained from this distance difference is used to determine position. Navigation satellite radio navigation
[Navigation classification by media used]
Navigation has evolved into various forms depending on the method used, and is conventionally called terrestrial navigation, celestial navigation, radio navigation, or autonomous navigation.

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "Navy Navigation Satellite System" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

… 航行衛星の開発は,ソ連のスプートニク1号の発信する電波の周波数が,ドップラー効果によって変動することに着目したアメリカのジョンズ・ホプキンズ大学とアメリカ海軍により行われ,1960年には最初の航行衛星トランシット1B衛星が打ち上げられた。その後64年7月アメリカ軍により海軍航行衛星システムNavy Navigation Satellite System(NNSS)として運用が開始され,67年以後はNNSSの一部が民間用に公開された。
[NNSSの構成と測位の原理]
 NNSSは位置決定に必要な種々の情報を送信する人工衛星と,人工衛星を追尾し人工衛星内部の情報を修正する地上局,衛星からの信号を受信し受信位置を求める受信局(船や航空機など)から構成されている。…

【航法】より

…位置は,2組の主・従局からの電波の位相差を測定して,その位相差に対応する二つの双曲線をそれぞれの主・従局の組に対して決定し,それらの交点として求める。 人工衛星による航法方式の一つであるNNSS(Navy Navigation Satellite Systemの略)は,人工衛星からの電波のドップラー周波数を計数することで,一定の時間間隔の人工衛星位置と受信位置(移動体位置)との距離差を求めるもので,距離差の求め方は異なるが,この距離差によって得られる双曲面を利用して位置決定を行っている。航行衛星電波航法
【利用媒体による航法の分類】
 航法はその方法によってさまざまな形に発展分化してきており,慣例的に,地文航法,天文航法,電波航法,あるいは自立航法などの名で呼ばれている。…

※「Navy Navigation Satellite System」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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