PMS is a term used to describe mental and physical symptoms that last for 3 to 10 days before menstruation (the luteal phase) and that subside or disappear with the onset of menstruation. Mental symptoms include irritability, depression, anger, and restlessness, while physical symptoms include lower abdominal pain, bloating, heavy feeling in the head, headache, lower back pain, breast pain, hot flashes, swelling, and other mental and physical disorders. When the mental symptoms are predominant and severe, the condition is called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). There are various theories about the cause, and it has not been fully elucidated, but it is thought that fluctuations in female hormones associated with the menstrual cycle are involved. It occurs equally in women of a wide range of ages who are menstruating, but it has also been reported that it is more frequent in adolescents. It is also said to have little to do with lifestyle habits or whether or not one is employed. In Japan, it is reported that 70-80% of women of reproductive age experience some kind of symptom before menstruation, and furthermore, the percentage of women who experience symptoms severe enough to interfere with their social life is 5.4%. Diagnosis is made using the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' criteria, which state that at least one emotional and/or physical symptom (which resolves within 4 days after the onset of menstruation and does not recur until at least day 13) is present during the 5 days before menstruation during each of the previous 3 consecutive menstrual cycles. Treatments include counseling, lifestyle guidance, and drug therapy (diuretics, tranquilizers, Chinese herbal medicine, low-dose birth control pills, etc.). [Editorial Department, March 20, 2019] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
月経前3~10日(黄体期)の間続く精神的・身体的症状で、月経開始とともに減退ないしは消失するもの。PMSと略称される。 精神的症状としては、いらいら、抑うつ、怒りっぽくなる、落ち着きがない状態などが多くみられ、身体的症状としては下腹部痛や膨満感、頭重感・頭痛、腰痛、乳房痛、のぼせ、むくみなど、さまざまな心身の不調が知られる。これらのうち精神症状が主で、その症状が強い場合はとくに「月経前不快気分障害」(premenstrual dysphoric disorder:PMDD)とよばれる。 原因には諸説あり十分に解明されていないものの、月経周期に伴う女性ホルモンの変動が関与していると考えられている。月経のある幅広い年齢層の女性に偏りなく発症するが、思春期で頻度が高いとの報告もある。また、生活習慣や就業の有無などとはほとんど関係がないとされる。日本においては生殖年齢女性の70~80%で月経前に何らかの症状があり、さらに、社会生活に困難を伴うほどの症状を生じる女性の割合は5.4%と報告されている。 診断にはアメリカ産婦人科学会の診断基準が用いられており、過去3回の連続した月経周期のそれぞれにおける月経前5日間に、情緒的および身体的症状(それらは月経開始後4日以内に解消し、少なくとも13日目まで再発しない)のうち少なくとも一つが存在することとされている。 治療としては、カウンセリング・生活指導、薬物療法(利尿薬、精神安定剤、漢方薬、低用量ピル等)などが行われる。 [編集部 2019年3月20日] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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