A wooden box in which two stone tablets engraved with the Ten Commandments of Moses were kept in the early days of ancient Israel. The Ten Commandments were laws based on the covenant between God Yahweh and the people of Israel, so this box is called the Ark of the Covenant or the Ark of the Law. The box was rectangular, 1.3 meters long, 79 centimeters wide and deep, and covered inside and out with gold plates. When the Israelites entered the Promised Land of Canaan (around the 13th century BCE), the priests carried the box on their shoulders. After the Israelites settled in Canaan, the box was temporarily taken away by the Philistines, but David retrieved it, and when the Temple of Jerusalem was built in the time of Solomon, the box was placed in the Holy of Holies within the temple. The whereabouts of the Ark of the Covenant after that are unknown, as there is no mention of it in the Old Testament. In terms of religious history, it is said that this box was originally the throne of Yahweh, that is, a symbol of Yahweh's presence. Some popular theories claim that it is related to the Japanese mikoshi (portable shrine), but this has not been historically proven. [Tsukimoto Akio] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
古代イスラエルにおいて、その初期に、モーセの十戒(じっかい)が刻まれた2枚の石板が納められていたという木製の箱のこと。十戒は、神ヤーウェとイスラエルの民の間で結ばれた契約に基づく掟(おきて)であったので、この箱が契約の箱(櫃(ひつ))、または律法の箱とよばれる。箱は長さ1.3メートル、幅と深さ約79センチメートルの長方形で、金の延べ板で内外ともに覆われていたという。イスラエルの民が約束の地カナーンに進入する際(前13世紀ごろ)、祭司がこの箱を担いで進んだ。イスラエルの民のカナーン定住後、ペリシテ人により一時この箱が持ち去られたが、ダビデがこれを取り返し、続くソロモンの時代に、エルサレム神殿が建立されるに及んで、この箱は神殿内の至聖所に安置された。その後の契約の箱の行方は、『旧約聖書』に言及がないために不明である。宗教史的には、この箱は元来、ヤーウェの玉座、すなわちヤーウェの臨在の象徴であったろうともいわれる。なお一部俗説に、日本の神輿(みこし)との連関を説くものがあるが、歴史的には証明の限りではない。 [月本昭男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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