This effect was discovered by American TA Reed in 1951. When an alloy piece that appears to have been significantly and permanently deformed is heated, it returns to its original shape. It was first found in an alloy of gold and cadmium, but it was later discovered that this property also exists in alloys such as nickel-titanium, copper-zinc-aluminum, and iron-nickel-cobalt-titanium. This phenomenon occurs not because of the usual "slip," but because the deformation of the alloy occurs due to the formation of twins caused by martensitic transformation induced by stress. When the martensite is heated, it reverses and the alloy returns to its original shape. The superelastic phenomenon is particularly evident when the reverse transformation temperature of martensite is below room temperature. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
1951年にアメリカの T. A.リードが発見した現象効果。見かけ上大きく永久変形した合金片を加熱すると原形に戻る現象で,最初金とカドミウムの合金で見出されたが,その後,ニッケル-チタン,銅-亜鉛-アルミニウム,鉄-ニッケル-コバルト-チタンなどの合金にもその性質があることが知られた。この現象は,合金の変形が通常の「すべり」によるのではなく,応力によって誘起されたマルテンサイト変態による双晶の形成によって,合金の変形が生じているため,加熱によりマルテンサイトが逆変態することによって,合金はもとに戻るのである。特にマルテンサイトの逆変態温度が室温以下の場合,超弾性現象がみられる。
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