It can be used as a general term for quantitative data that is collected, organized, and analyzed by observing various economic activities and phenomena and relating them to certain characteristics, or it can refer to a system of knowledge about collecting, organizing, analyzing, and evaluating quantitative data related to economic phenomena in order to form the basis for theories and predictions of economic phenomena, i.e., economic statistics. Economic statistics, a general term for quantitative data related to the economy, are divided into direct statistics and indirect statistics based on the difference in the purpose of the survey. Direct statistics are surveyed with the direct purpose of obtaining statistical results as materials for administration and business management. Economic statistics in Japan that belong to this category are mainly fundamental statistics created directly by the government and local governments, such as population statistics, economic structure statistics, labor force statistics, retail price statistics, basic employment structure statistics, corporate enterprise statistics, basic wage structure statistics, agricultural and forestry structure statistics, fishery structure statistics, agricultural management statistics, production statistics, construction work statistics, building construction starts statistics, and motor vehicle transport statistics. In contrast, indirect statistics are not based on surveys conducted for the purpose of obtaining statistics themselves, but are mainly based on information generated in daily business, and are organized and analyzed for the purpose of regularly investigating and reporting the results of business operations, so they are also called business statistics. Examples of Japanese economic statistics that belong to this category include trade statistics (commonly known as customs statistics), money stock statistics, various interest rate statistics, and other financial statistics, such as national and local budget and settlement statistics, and statistics related to fiscal investment and loans. These statistics quantitatively grasp specific aspects of economic activity based on their own specific subjects and unique concepts and definitions, but because economic activities are interrelated, it is also necessary to systematically organize and integrate these statistics as basic data to organically understand the overall state of the national economy. National economic accounts are compiled from this perspective, and the statistical or analytical tables that belong to them include national income accounts, input-output tables, flow of funds tables, national balance sheets, and balance of payments tables. Economic statistics, as a body of knowledge for forming and analyzing theories based on economic data, mainly includes theories on statistical measurements such as sample survey methods, methods for displaying and aggregating statistical data, research into the statistical regularities of economic laws discovered using these, verification and reconstruction of economic theories based on statistical facts, and predictions based on probabilistic quantitative models. Economic statistics in this sense overlaps with econometrics in many respects in terms of research subjects and methods. [Tadashi Takashima and Nobuo Iizuka December 11, 2020] [Reference] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
各種の経済活動や経済現象を観測し、それらのある特性に関連して収集、整理、分析された数量的データを総称する場合と、経済的事象の理論や予測の基礎となるように、それに関する数量的データを収集、整理、分析し、さらに評価することについての知識の体系、つまり、経済統計学をさす場合とがある。 経済に関する数量的データの総称としての経済統計は、調査目的の違いから直接統計と間接統計とに区分される。直接統計は、行政や企業経営の資料として統計的結果を得ることを直接の目的として調査されるものである。これに属する日本の経済統計としては、政府および地方公共団体が直接作成する基幹統計が中心であり、国勢統計、経済構造統計、労働力統計、小売物価統計、就業構造基本統計、法人企業統計、賃金構造基本統計、農林業構造統計、漁業構造統計、農業経営統計、生産動態統計、建設工事統計、建築着工統計、自動車輸送統計などがある。これに対し間接統計は、統計を得ること自体を目的としてなされる調査に基づくものではなく、おもに日常業務のなかで生ずる情報に基づいて、定期的に業務の結果を調査、報告する目的で整理、分析されるものであるところから業務統計ともよばれる。日本の経済統計でこれに属するものとしては、貿易統計(通称、通関統計)、マネーストック統計、各種金利統計などの金融統計、国や地方の予算・決算統計、財政投融資関連統計などの財政統計をあげることができる。 これらの統計は、それぞれに固有の対象と独自の概念や定義に基づいて、経済活動の特定の側面を数量的に把握するものであるが、経済活動は相互に関連をもってなされるものであるから、これらの統計を基礎資料として系統的に整理、統合し、国民経済全体の姿を有機的に理解することも必要となる。そのような観点から作成されるものが国民経済計算であり、それに属する統計表あるいは分析表として、国民所得勘定、産業連関表、資金循環表、国民貸借対照表、国際収支表がある。 経済データに基づく理論形成や分析のための知識の体系としての経済統計においては、標本調査法などの統計的測定に関する理論、統計データの表示や集約に関する方法、それらを用いてみいだされる経済法則の統計的規則性の研究、統計的事実に基づく経済理論の検証と再構成、確率論的数量モデルに基づく予測などがおもな内容となる。この意味での経済統計については、その研究対象と方法において計量経済学と重複するところが多い。 [高島 忠・飯塚信夫 2020年12月11日] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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