Cervical laceration

Japanese: 頸管裂傷 - けいかんれっしょう
Cervical laceration

This refers to lacerations caused by the sudden dilation of the cervix, which is the least flexible and most resistant part of the soft birth canal. During childbirth, this is likely to occur when the fetus descends suddenly before the cervix is ​​fully dilated (10 cm) or when forceps delivery is required. The sides of the cervix, at the 3 and 9 o'clock positions, are prone to lacerations because blood vessels run through them and they are thinner than other parts. If the laceration is large, it can damage the blood vessels in that area and cause heavy bleeding. If there is a large laceration, it should be sutured regardless of the amount of bleeding. If left untreated, it can cause cervical incompetence in the next pregnancy, leading to premature rupture of the membranes in the middle of the pregnancy, which can cause miscarriage or premature birth. If the laceration extends further up, it may not be possible to suture it sufficiently from below, and laparotomy may be required to remove the uterus. Outside of childbirth, cervical lacerations can also occur when the cervix is ​​rapidly dilated during an induced abortion.

[Masao Arai]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

軟産道のうち、もっとも伸展性が悪く抵抗のある子宮頸管が、急激に開大されて生ずる裂傷をいう。分娩(ぶんべん)時、頸管が全開大(10センチメートル)する前に胎児が急激に下降したり、鉗子(かんし)分娩を余儀なくされたときなどに生じやすい。頸管の側方、時計の3時と9時の位置には血管が走行していて他の部位より薄くなっているため、裂傷の好発部位となりやすい。裂傷が大きいと、その部位の血管を損傷して大出血をおこすことがある。大きな裂傷がある場合には、出血の多少にかかわらず縫合する。放置すると、次回妊娠時に頸管無力症をきたして妊娠中期に前期破水をおこし、流早産の原因となることがある。裂傷がさらに上方まで及んだ場合には、下方からでは十分に縫合できず、開腹術を行って子宮を摘出しなければならないこともある。分娩時以外では、人工妊娠中絶を行うとき急激に頸管を拡張した場合にも、頸管裂傷をきたすことがある。

[新井正夫]

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